Aside from the industry-standard Gaussian intensity profile, top hat and non-conventional laser beam shapes, such as doughnut-shaped are ever more required. The profile is well-known for uniformly irradiating target material, significantly reducing heat-affected zones, typical of irradiation, whereas has attracted much interest its use in trapping particles at nanoscale improving mechanical per...

With the development of ultra-intense laser technology, MeV ions can be obtained from laser-foil interactions in the laboratory. These energetic ion beams can be applied in fast ignition for inertial confinement fusion, medical therapy, and proton imaging. However, these ions are mainly accelerated in the laser propagation direction. Ion acceleration in an azimuthal orientation was scarcely stu...

BACKGROUND The major disadvantage of the circumareolar mastopexy is the risk of hypertrophic scarring and relapse or widening of the areola. OBJECTIVE The author describes a new technique that gives added support to the scar by means of a dermal overlap flap that is buried under the areola. METHODS A doughnut incision is made, with the size of the outer circle dependent on the amount of pto...

Based on Suzanne Romaine's metaphor “making room inside the doughnut”, practice of audiovisual subtitling in non-hegemonic languages is proposed as a catalyst for cultural diversity and an antidote to “flattening cultural-linguistic diversity”. That why it urgent reorient prevailing consumption habits Europe towards ways that guarantee original integrity work, through non-short-term educational...

Image segmentation with specific constraints has found applications in several areas such as biomedical image analysis and data mining. In this paper, we study the problem of simultaneous detection of both borders of a doughnut-shaped and smooth objects in 2-D medical images. Image objects of that shape are often studied in medical applications. We present an O(IJU(U-L)logJUlog(U-L)) time algor...

Sparkling wine made by the traditional method (Méthode Traditionelle) develops a distinct and desirable flavour aroma profile attributed to proteolytic processes during prolonged ageing on lees. Microwave, ultrasound addition of ?-glucanase enzymes were applied accelerate disruption Saccharomyces cerevisiae, added tirage solution for secondary fermentation in sparkling winemaking. Scanning elec...

Sustainability Window (SuWi) analysis is a novel tool to analyze the minimum economic development fulfill requirements for social sustainability and maximum not surpass environmental limits. The method provides quantitative measures define whether real of GDP within limits using different indicators measuring welfare stress. SuWi results can be used form visualization doughnut illustrate critic...