We present DCL-PC: a logic for reasoning about how the abilities of agents and coalitions of agents are altered by transferring control from one agent to another. The logical foundation of DCL-PC is CL-PC, a logic for reasoning about cooperation in which the abilities of agents and coalitions of agents stem from a distribution of atomic Boolean variables to individual agents – the choices avail...

Small circular double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) were synthesized. The structural analysis by atomic force microscopy gave direct images for the interpretation of the structural strain present in circular dsRNAs. Finally, we demonstrated that circular dsRNA caused RNAi effect in cells.

OBJECTIVE This study describes the cause, management, and outcomes of abdominal injury in a mature deployed military trauma system, with particular focus on damage control, hollow visceral injury (HVI), and stoma utilization. BACKGROUND Damage control laparotomy (DCL) is established in military and civilian practice. However, optimal management of HVI during military DCL remains controversial...

We prove that the model checking and the satisfiability problem of both Dynamic Logic of Propositional Assignments DL-PA and Coalition Logic of Propositional Control and Delegation DCL-PC are in PSPACE. We explain why the proof of EXPTIME-hardness of the model checking problem of DL-PA presented in [1, Thm 4] is false. We also explain why the proof of membership in PSPACE of the model checking ...

BACKGROUND Donor cell leukemia (DCL) is a relatively rare but well documented complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. So far, publications described only DCL arising de novo in the recipient. OBSERVATION In this study, we describe a case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) developing in a volunteer unrelated donor from the Czech National Marrow Donors Registry (CNMDR) sev...

American tegumentary leishmaniasis has three forms: localized (LCL), found in resistant individuals; diffuse (DCL), found in susceptible individuals; and intermediate cutaneous leishmaniasis (ICL), found in individuals with exacerbated immunity. We evaluated cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lesions of LCL, ICL and DCL using immunohistochemistry. LCL granulomas showed a pr...

The abundance of macrophages in localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) lesions and differences in the composition of T cell subsets indicate involvement of cell-specific chemotaxis processes. The expression of macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha and -1 beta, RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T...

BACKGROUND We present a series of patients with blunt abdominal trauma who underwent damage control laparotomy (DCL) and introduce a nomogram that we created to predict survival among these patients. METHODS This was a retrospective study. From January 2002 to June 2012, 91 patients underwent DCL for hemorrhagic shock. We excluded patients with the following characteristics: a penetrating abd...

American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) presents distinct active clinical forms with different grades of severity, known as localised (LCL), intermediate (ICL) and diffuse (DCL) cutaneous leishmaniasis. LCL and DCL are associated with a polarised T-helper (Th)1 and Th2 immune response, respectively, whereas ICL, or chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis, is associated with an exacerbated immune respons...

Multicellular eukaryotes produce small RNA molecules (approximately 21-24 nucleotides) of two general types, microRNA (miRNA) and short interfering RNA (siRNA). They collectively function as sequence-specific guides to silence or regulate genes, transposons, and viruses and to modify chromatin and genome structure. Formation or activity of small RNAs requires factors belonging to gene families ...