BACKGROUND/AIM A significant number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus require insulin and little is known about the possible physician-related factors that could cause a delay in the initiation of insulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate those factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 87 family physicians working at 36 family health centers in u...

BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to evaluate the current awareness of and implementation by pharmacists in Japan of adjustment of drug dosage according to renal function (ADDR) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to clarify the factors influencing implementation of ADDR by community pharmacists. METHODS We conducted a web-based questionnaire of Japanese community and hospi...

The treatment or recovery of nutrients (N and P) from anaerobically digested supernatants is now a central topic, related both to the zootechnical wastewaters and the supernatants from the sludge lines of urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), applying codigestion of excess sludge and organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). In both cases, the crystallization and precipitation of S...

The treatment or recovery of nutrients (N and P) from anaerobically digested supernatants is now a central topic, related both to the zootechnical wastewaters and to the supernatants from the sludge lines of urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), applying codigestion of excess sludge and organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). In both cases, the crystallization and precipitation o...

OBJECTIVE About one out of two women with primary hypothyroidism has to increase the dosage of exogenous levothyroxine (L-T4) during pregnancy. Considering the detrimental impact of IVF on thyroid function, it has been claimed but not demonstrated that L-T4 dose adjustment may be more significant in hypothyroid women who become pregnant after IVF. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS ...

Therapeutic drug monitoring may be useful in tuberculosis management, but programmatic implementation is understudied. We performed a retrospective cohort study to determine prevalence of lower than expected levels of isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide measured at time of estimated peak serum concentration. Patients were tested for serum concentration at 2 hours after medication ...