Retinal toxicity as a result of antimalarial therapy has been reported for many years. Retinopathy may be divided into reversible premaculopathy and irreversible true retinopathy. Risk factors for the development of toxicity are daily dosage related to body weight, total drug dosage and the specific drug used. The daily dosage of chloroquine should not exceed 4 mg/kg lean body weight a day. Exc...

Dosage compensation in Drosophila increases the transcription of genes on the single X chromosome in males to equal that of both X chromosomes in females. Site-specific histone acetylation by the male-specific lethal (MSL) complex is thought to play a fundamental role in the increased transcriptional output of the male X. Nucleation and sequence-independent spreading of the complex to active ge...

Aciclovir is rapidly absorbed from the ophthalmic ointment through the corneal epithelium and superficial ocular tissues with the result that viral toxic concentrations are achieved in the aqueous humor. It has not been possible to detect aciclovir in the blood by existing methods after topical application of ZOVIRAX Ophthalmic Ointment, but trace quantities are detectable in the urine. These l...

The discovery and development of a new drug can be a lengthy and expensive business (Fig. 1). The starting point is the active compound as synthesized by the medicinal chemist and screened by the pharmacologist. There then follows a series of complex tests and evaluations to produce a satisfactory formulation and sufficient data for presentation to regulatory authorities such as the Committee o...

To the Editor, The Indian Medical Gazette Sir,?The importers of the French anti-malarial remedy Gametoxyl have lately issued an advertisement pamphlet giving a resume of a paper by Dr. E. Charron, Paris, on anti-malarial preparations. The author compares at the end of his paper Plasmochin Compound with Gametoxyl, referring particularly to the time of treatment and the amount of medicament requi...

Fiber type distributions, cross-sectional areas (CSAs) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities in the soleus (SOL) muscle in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats were determined after exposure to cigarette smoke at three different dosage levels using a smoking machine. The rats were exposed to cigarette smoke at a rate of 15 puffs/min, for 20 min/day wi...

Inhibition of protein synthesis by anisomycin for a short duration impairs memory of a one-trial inhibitory avoidance task in rats. Memory of escape conditioning involving eight trials is disrupted only if the duration of protein synthesis is prolonged by repeated injections. In marked contrast, olfactory memory of rats trained on two odor discriminations is not affected by anisomycin even

In many diploid species, sex determination is linked to a pair of sex chromosomes that evolved from a pair of autosomes. In these organisms, the degeneration of the sex-limited Y or W chromosome causes a reduction in gene dose in the heterogametic sex for X- or Z-linked genes. Variations in gene dose are detrimental for large chromosomal regions when they span dosage-sensitive genes, and many o...

PURPOSE This study examined the effect of varying dosage of vocal function exercise (VFE) home practice on attainment of pre-established maximum phonation time (MPT) goals in individuals with normal voice. High dosage VFE practice was expected to result in greatest MPT. The overarching goal of this study was to contribute to a VFE dosage-response curve, potentially including a point of observab...

In many diploid species, sex determination is linked to a pair of sex chromosomes that evolved from a pair of autosomes. In theseorganisms, thedegenerationof thesex-limitedYorWchromosomecausesa reduction ingenedose in theheterogametic sex forX-orZ-linked genes. Variations in gene dose are detrimental for large chromosomal regions when they span dosage-sensitive genes, andmany organi...