Abstract There is a need for developing reliable models water and solute transport in graphene oxide (GO) membranes advancing their emerging industrial processing applications. In this direction, we develop predictive GO reduced‐GO (rGO) over wide concentration range (0.01–0.5 M) compositions, based on the extended Nernst–Planck equations, Donnan equilibrium condition, adsorption models. Some m...

1. In order to be able to compare the effects of electrolytes on membrane potentials and cataphoretic potentials it seems necessary to distinguish between the charging and depressing effect of electrolytes on these potentials. Only low concentrations of acids and alkalies have a charging effect on the membrane potentials of proteins, while low concentrations of neutral salts have only a depress...

Although Frederick George Donnan (Fig. 1) grew up in Northern Ireland, actually he was born in Columbo, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), on September 5, 1870 (1). He lost the sight of his left eye at the age of nine but did not allow this accident to handicap him. As a schoolboy, his main interest was in mathematics and physical science. He attended the Belfast Royal Academy from 1880 to 1889; and altho...

1. It has been shown in previous publications that when solutions of different concentrations of salts are separated by collodion-gelatin membranes from water, electrical forces participate in addition to osmotic forces in the transport of water from the side of the water to that of the solution. When the hydrogen ion concentration of the salt solution and of the water on the other side of the ...

Reverse Osmosis (RO) is one of the main membrane technologies currently used for desalination seawater and brackish water to produce freshwater. However, mechanism transport separation ions in RO membranes not yet fully understood. Besides acid–base reactions (i.e., including H+-ion), at high concentrations, salt can associate form ion pairs. In this study, we investigate how include formation ...

This articles is comprised of two parts: a) an experimental investigation on the behavior of an acrylic gel under DC electric field and b) a physico - mathematical description.a) Gel rods made of poly [acrylamide-co-bisacrylamide] were partially hydrolyzed to different extents at pH 12 by teteramethylethylene diamine. Equlibrium properties of the resulting gels rods (water content,...

Human red blood cells have been incubated in the presence of nystatin, which allows Na and K, as well as Cl and pH to equilibrate rapidly when cell volume is set with external impermeant sucrose. The intracellular mean ionic activity coefficients, relative to values in the extracellular solution, for KCl and NaCl are 1.01 +/- 0.02 and 0.99 +/- 0.02 (SD, n = 10), respectively, and are independen...