Problems associated with estimation of human exposure to ambient air pollutants are discussed. Ideally, we would prefer to have some indication of actual dose. For most pollutants this is not presently feasible. Specific problems discussed are adequacy of outdoor monitors; the need to correct for exposures and time spent indoors; the need to have particle size distributions described and the ch...

ii Selected abbrevations iv Sammanfattning på svenska v Original Papers vi Introduction 1

The responses of wheat Triticum aestivum, rice Oryza sativa, earthworms Eisenia foetida, and prawns Penaeus japonicus to combined acetochlor-Cu, Cd-Zn were studied in hydroponic and soil-culturing systems using the methods of ecotoxicology. In particular, systematically quantitative analyses were documented by field experiments. Results showed that ecotoxicological effects under the combined po...

As a background sampling site in western Japan, the Kanazawa University Wajima Air Monitoring Station (KUWAMS) continuously observes air pollutants, including PM1, PM2.5, organic carbon (OC) and element (EC). Data for September 2019 to April 2020 were compared with data 2018 2019. The mean concentrations of both PM1 PM2.5 4.10 µg/m3 (47%) 5.82 (33%) lower, respectively Coronavirus Disease (COVI...

Based on the daily average concentration of PM2.5, 15 typical persistent heavy pollution episodes (PHPEs) in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region during winters 2013–2019 are identified. And then impact intra-seasonal variations 200-hPa subtropical westerly jet (SWJ) PHPEs is investigated. The results show that SWJ affects lifecycle BTH mainly through meridional shift and intensity variation. In ...

Southern Appalachian forests are recognized as a biodiversity hot spot of global significance, particularly for endemic aquatic salamanders and mussels. The dominant driver of land-cover and land-use change in this region is surface mining, with an ever-increasing proportion occurring as mountaintop mining with valley fill operations (MTVF). In MTVF, seams of coal are exposed using explosives, ...