Since time domain reflectometry (TDR) has been identified as one of the potential non-destructive methods for quality control of soil nailing works in 2003, further development work has been carried out. This report updates on the experience gained on the use of this technique to determine soil nail length. Various sources of uncertainty of a TDR test have been studied. They include human judge...

[1] Application of time domain reflectometry (TDR) in soil hydrology often involves the conversion of TDR-measured dielectric permittivity to water content using universal calibration equations (empirical or physically based). Deviations of soil-specific calibrations from the universal calibrations have been noted and are usually attributed to peculiar composition of soil constituents, such as ...

A signal processing algorithm is developed to estimate the location of a discontinuity, e.g., a fault, on an electrical line. It is applied to sampled time-domain reflectometry (TDR) data and performs “pecstral” analysis of the transmitted and reflected pulse signals. The “Pecstrum” algorithm is based on a transform similar to the one used in the well-known “Cepstrum” technique; i.e., the “time...

A novel mode analysis method and differential mode delay (DMD) measurement technique for a multimode optical fiber based on optical frequency domain reflectometry has been proposed for the first time. We have used a conventional OFDR with a tunable external cavity laser and a Michelson interferometer. A few-mode optical multimode fiber was prepared to test our proposed measurement technique. We...

We have developed and established the TDR technique that provides information about dielectric permittivity in frequency range from 10 MHz to 30 GHz. The for aqueous solutions can be explained by using a hydrogen-bond model assuming formation of hydrogen bonds between water–water water–solute pairs. orientational correlation neighbouring molecules due is determined terms Kirkwood factor. number...