In light of the emerging concept of a protective function of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway under stress conditions, we investigated the influence of the anthracycline daunorubicin (DNR) on MAPK signaling and its possible contribution to DNR-induced cytotoxicity. We show that DNR increased phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinases (ERKs) and stimulated activities o...

The effect of daunorubicin (DNR) on nucleic acid synthesis was investigated in vitro in cells from an Ehrlich ascites tumor that was sensitive in vivo to DNR and in cells from a subline of the tumor in which resistance to DNR had been developed in vivo. DNR inhibited DNA and RNA synthesis in sensitive as well as in resistant cells, as determined from the incorporation of three different radioac...

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To study the attitudes of Iranian medical students towards the do-not-resuscitate (DNR) decision. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 220 medical students (110 interns and 110 residents) of Tehran University of medical sciences were selected. They asked to answer to the questionnaire which included two items: first item consisted of demographic questions (age, sex, an...

STUDY OBJECTIVES Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders have been espoused for the enhancement of patient autonomy, avoidance of futile medical intervention, and cost containment. Outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the intensive care setting have been dismal, with few patients surviving to discharge. This study compares patients who died in medical and surgical ICUs in a DNR status wit...

Drug name recognition (DNR) is a critical step for drug information extraction. Machine learning-based methods have been widely used for DNR with various types of features such as part-of-speech, word shape, and dictionary feature. Features used in current machine learning-based methods are usually singleton features which may be due to explosive features and a large number of noisy features wh...

AIMS Anthracyclines such as daunorubicin (DNR) and doxorubicin are effective cancer chemotherapeutic agents, but can induce cardiotoxicity. GATA4 has been shown to serve as a survival factor of cardiac muscle cells, and anthracyclines promote apoptosis in part by down-regulating GATA4. The present study investigated the mechanism of anthracycline action to down-regulate GATA4. METHODS AND RES...

The H-35 rat hepatoma is relatively insensitive to the anthracycline antibiotic, daunorubicin (DNR), requiring 0.25 MMdaunorubicin for in hibition of cell proliferation by 50%. Studies were undertaken to inves tigate the basis for the apparent intrinsic resistance in this cell line. The relative insensitivity of the H-35 cells to DNR is not a function of metabolic inactivation of DNR to deoxyag...

OBJECTIVE Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders in Saudi Arabia were first regulated by a fatwa on a national level in 1988, one that excludes the patient and their families from decision making. Although the core of this policy is taken up by all hospitals in Saudi Arabia, there is no homogeneity in implementation. Here, we appraise what interns and residents know of these policies and their attitud...

one of the major advances in medicine has been the use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) procedure since the 1960s in order to save human lives. this procedure has so far saved thousands of lives. although cpr has helped to save lives, in some cases, it prolongs the process of dying, suffering, and pain in patients. this study was conducted to explain the experience of iranian physicians r...