Application of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) along with EAA) receptor antagonists produces gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor-dependent synchronized activity in interneurons. This results in waves of activity propagating through upper cortical layers. Because interneurons in the neocortex are excited by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists, ACh may influence synchronization of these...

Improvements in nitrogen (N) use efficiency reduce stress on the environment and improve tomato production. A two-year trial was conducted greenhouse tomatoes with a split-plot design, which one factor N application rate (150 kg·ha?1, N1; 200 N2; 250 N3) two other factors were type of urea applied (urea, T1; slow-release (polymer-coated) urea, T2, nitrification inhibitors (3,4-dimethylpyrazole ...

Nitrogen (N) input from fertilizers modifies the properties of agricultural soils as well bacterial community diversity, composition and relationships. This can lead to negative impacts such deterioration system multifunctionality, whose maintenance is critical normal nutrient cycling. Synthetic nitrification inhibitors (NIs) be combined with improve efficiency N use by reducing losses. However...

The environmental benefits of producing biofuels from sugarcane have been questioned due to greenhouse gas emissions during the biomass production stage, especially nitrous oxide (NO) associated with nitrogen (N) fertilization. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and a controlled-relea...

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of ketamine, a dissociative anesthetics, on secretion of catecholamines (CA) secretion evoked by cholinergic stimulation from the perfused model of the isolated rat adrenal gland, and to establish its mechanism of action, and to compare ketamine effect with that of thiopental sodium, which is one of intravenous barbiturate anesthetics. Ket...

The aim of this study was to determine whether fimasartan, a newly developed AT(1) receptor blocker, can affect the CA release in the isolated perfused model of the adrenal medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Fimasartan (5~50 µM) perfused into an adrenal vein for 90 min produced dose- and time-dependently inhibited the CA secretory responses evoked by ACh (5.32 mM), high K(+) (56...