Cu-filled TSV (through silicon via) is important technology for 3-D LSIs in order to obtain higher packing density, faster signal transmission, and lower power consumption. Diameter of TSV is expected to be smaller than 2 μm, and its aspect ratio to be larger than 10 in near future [1]. For realizing a high aspect ratio Cu-filled TSV, it is essentially important to form the barrier and seed lay...

The performance of evolutionary algorithms is highly affected by the selection of the variation operators to solve the problem at hand. This paper presents a brief review of the results that have been recently obtained using the “Extreme Dynamic Multi-Armed Bandit” (Ex-DMAB), a technique used to automatically select the operator to be applied between the available ones, while searching for the ...

Lead inhibits enzymes of haem biosynthesis and alters haematological parameters of battery manufacturing workers (BMW). The main aim of this study is to know the present status of blood lead (PbB) levels and its effect on haem biosynthesis related parameters such as erythrocytes aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (-ALAD), urinary -aminolevulinic acid (U-ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG) and haema...

Forty two strains of Trichoderma sp. were isolated from cultivated lands around Bangalore and analyzed for their antagonistic potential against Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium ciceri. The potential of biocontrol agents ultimately lies in their capacity to control pathogens in vivo. Bioefficacy studies were hence conducted using chickpea (Cicer argentums c.v. Annigeri) as an experimental plant b...