This paper uses optimization theory to address a fundamental question of ethics: how to divide resources justly among individuals, groups, or organizations. It formulates utilitarian and Rawlsian criteria for distributive justice as optimization problems. The formulations recognize that some recipients are more productive than others, so that an inequitable distribution may create greater overa...

the most fundamental insight in heavenly religions is to recognize the god as a justice commanding and a justice rising which is the base of human’s relation with god. justice philosophical concept is the basis of resurrection. justice and its performance is one of the human’s basic and natural needs, that its existence is ready a good basis for humans society development .the accomplished rese...

This paper develops a framework for studying individuals’ ideas about what constitutes just compensation for chief executive officers (CEOs) and reports estimates of just CEO pay and the principles guiding ideas of justice among students pursuing a Master’s of Business Administration (MBA) degree in Sweden and the United States. The framework, based on justice theory and making use of Rossi’s f...

We propose an approach to Paretian jurisprudence which is intermediate in its distributive consequences between the perfectly risk-neutral, consumer surplus-maximizing approach of Richard Posner and the perfectly risk-averse, leximin approach of John Rawls. Instead of consumer surplus, we focus on the marginal costs of increased labor; the dollar-weighted formula of Posner is replaced by an hou...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to investigate the influence of applicants‟ justice beliefs (i.e., belief in a just world and belief in tests) on justice expectations with respect to a forthcoming application for the job of prison guard. Further, the moderating role of direct experiences on the relationship between beliefs and justice expectations was studied. Design/methodology/approac...

The Canadian province of Quebec recently amended its Health Insurance Act to cover the costs of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). The province of Ontario recently de-insured IVF. Both provinces cited cost-effectiveness as their grounds, but the question as to whether a public health insurance system ought to cover IVF raises the deeper question of how we should understand reproduction at the social...

Empirically, justice might be immanently holistic—with procedural, distributive, restorative, and social justice positively correlated. Restorative justice may be about creating spaces where the various imperfectly correlated facets of holistic justice might cohere. State institutions of justice (such as criminal courts) with deeply embedded traditions of narrowing the meaning of justice (to pr...