AIM This in vitro study evaluated the effect of calcium hydroxide on pH changes of the external medium after intracoronal bleaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 50 extracted human premolars were prepared and filled with gutta-percha and endodontic sealer. The teeth were randomly divided into five groups according to the bleaching agents employed: (a) Sterile cotton pellet with distilled ...

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM One of the most clinical challenging issues in prosthodontics is debonding of soft liners from the denture base. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare tensile bond strength between soft liner and heat-cured acrylic resin when immersed in two different types of denture cleanser and distilled water, at different period of times. MATERIALS AND METHOD In...

PURPOSE To evaluate the best method for decontaminating tooth enamel contaminated by contact with blood before bonding orthodontic buttons. MATERIALS AND METHODS The labial surfaces of 195 bovine incisors initially received prophylaxis, followed by 37% phosphoric acid etching, adhesive application, and light polymerization. After this, the labial surfaces of all teeth were contaminated with b...

OBJECTIVE Endoscopic procedures like percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) needs continuous irrigation for better vision and to wash away stone fragments and blood clots. Systemic absorption of irrigation fluids may lead to fluid overload and electrolyte disequilibrium. Renal failure patients are more prone to these electrolyte disturbances. We have evaluated the outcomes of normal saline as irri...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the amounts of fluoride and aluminum released from different restorative materials stored in artificial saliva and double-distilled water. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cylindrical specimens (10 x 1 mm) were prepared from 4 different restorative materials (Kavitan Plus, Vitremer, Dyract Extra, and Surefil). For each material, 20 specimens were prepared,...

OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of distilled water, artificial saliva and ethanol on the tensile strength of direct tooth-coloured restorative material. METHODS The study was conducted at Dr. Ishrat ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, from April 2011 to September 2012. The testing was performed at the Pakistan Council of Scientifi...

OBJECTIVE To describe, evaluate, and suggest interpretations for an observed aggregate-level relation between trends in mortality from cirrhosis and per capita consumption of distilled spirits in the United States. DESIGN Trend analysis using data on US cirrhosis mortality and per capita alcohol consumption. RESULTS There is a consistent long-term trend relation between mortality from cirrh...

Researchers in recent years have suggested that control of the aggregate level of alcohol consumption is an important component of a comprehensive programme for the prevention of alcohol-related problems. The present study focused on ihe relationship between alcohol consumption and perhaps the most significant acute alcohol-related problem, motor vehicle crashes. Data analyzed included monthly ...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of distilled water as an irrigation fluid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) on the serum concentrations of sodium. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients with kidney calculi underwent tubeless PCNL using distilled water as the irrigation fluid. During the procedure, intravenous Ringer lactate solution was used if necess...