Crude vegetable oils contain triacylglycerols as major component and various minor components such as diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols, free fatty acids, phospholipids, tocopherols, sterols, squalene, color pigments, waxes, aldehydes, ketones, triterpene alcohols and metals that may affect the quality of the final product. The minor components are removed partially or entirely by either physi...

ethanol extracts of donkey thistle (Onopordum acanthium L.) was conducted. The were added to the pure distillate from grapes Melnik-55 grapevine variety in amounts 20, 50, 80, 100, 200, 400 and 600 ml. remaining amount liter a distillate. A (without extracts) used as control. addition 50% extract Onopordum L. increased total volatile composition variants 1000:20 1000:50, comparison control samp...

Abstract Considering that vaginal delivery is a painful process, the present study investigated the effects of Citrus aurantium on the severity of first-stage labor pain in primiparous women. This study was a randomized clinical trial conducted with 126 eligible primiparous patients. The pain severity of patients was measured at the time of enrolling in the study. In the intervention group, (ar...

Abstract Considering that vaginal delivery is a painful process, the present study investigated the effects of Citrus aurantium on the severity of first-stage labor pain in primiparous women. This study was a randomized clinical trial conducted with 126 eligible primiparous patients. The pain severity of patients was measured at the time of enrolling in the study. In the intervention group, (ar...

Introduction: Aloe Vera compounds have inhibitory activity on fungi, bacteria, and viruses. This study examines the antibacterial activity of A. Vera purified extracts including gel, boiled skin, boiled gel, and distilled extract against pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were elucidated. Method: Th...

Kinetic study of free fatty acids (FFAs) esterification for biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) using sulfated zirconia (S-ZrO2) prepared by solvent-free method calcined at low temperature as the heterogeneous catalyst was studied. The reaction was performed in a batch-stirred reactor at the different temperature to obtain the kinetic data. The effect of reaction conditi...