background: aminoglycoside antibiotics are widely used in medical centers, particularly to treat infections. the resistance developed against these agents is a huge concern in health care. a number of researchers have reported that hospital and municipal wastewaters are among the most important dissemination sources of these agent into the environment. some, however, do not agree with this opin...

background: infections caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa or acinetobacter baumannii are of greatest concern for hospitalized patients, particularly those in intensive care units (icus). the aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of integrons and biofilm formation among p. aeruginosa and a. baumannii isolates collected from icu and non-icu inpatients. materials and methods: a total...

background :    unfortunately, antibiotic resistance has become an increasingly critical problem in many countries like iran. since there are very few published data on antibiotics resistance in alborz province, the aim of this study was to survey the pattern of antimicrobial resistance and prevalence detection of tem-type beta-lactamases among clinical isolates of escherichia coli using univer...

background : staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) is one of the major virulence factors of hospital and community acquired infections. healthcare workers can be the host of s.aureus for many months. and it is very important due to the possibility of transmission to patients. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of s.aureus nasal carriers, the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and ...

urine specimens collected from in-patients and out-patients in urmia imam hospital, northwest iran, were cultured on blood agar and eosin methylene blue agar. isolated bacteria were identified according to standard microbiological tests and then subjected to sensitivity testing according to routine method of disk agar diffusion technique. out of 8044 and 10425 urine specimens, 8.7% and 11.9% we...

Background and Aims: Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is an important multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen frequently causing various nosocomial infections and is a serious threat to burn patients. These infections are usually caused by the outbreak strains. The aim of this study was to show antibiotic resistance pattern and molecular typing of A. baumannii genes isolates collected ...

BACKGROUND Integrons have a well-established role in the dissemination of resistance among Gram-negative pathogens and are thus a useful marker of antibiotic resistance. Shigellae are noteworthy for their multiple drug resistance, having gradually acquired resistance to most widely use and inexpensive antimicrobial drugs. METHODOLOGY A total of 32 Shigella strains belonging to serotypes flexn...

antibiotic resistance in shigella species has been showing a rising trend all over the world. this study was performed to discover the state of antibiotic resistance of shigella species with regards to six common antibiotics in use in iran.