P aget disease is a common condition characterized by increased bone turnover and abnormal bone deposition in the skull and vertebral column. This article describes a previously undiagnosed case of Paget disease in which the manifesting clinical symptom was gradually progressive diplopia from sixthnerve compression due to skull base hyperostosis. The sixth-nerve palsy, which was severe at the i...

West Nile virus is a neurotropic virus transmitted to humans via an infected mosquito bite. The increase in the incidences and fatalities of West Nile virus disease has made West Nile virus an important pathogen. Here we describe a case of a 65-year-old man with fever and diplopia presenting to the emergency department during a fall season and who was later diagnosed with West Nile virus infect...

A 73-year-old man presented with torsional diplopia. With major amblyoscope he measured 10 degrees of incyclotropia in primary position and 20 degrees of incyclotropia in downgaze. The patient had undergone temporal transposition of the left inferior rectus muscle in order to reduce incyclotropia in downgaze. Postoperatively, incyclotropia was reduced to 8 degrees. However, he complained horizo...

BACKGROUND The evaluation and management of recent-onset diplopia in an adult with a history of long-standing strabismus can be perplexing and challenging. No guidelines exist, to my knowledge, for the examination of such patients. DESIGN A retrospective medical record review. SUBJECTS Patients seen in my practice with a history of recently acquired diplopia and a history of strabismus dati...

A monocular boundary contour (MBC) rivalry stimulus has two half-images, a homogeneous grating and the same homogeneous grating with an additional disc region. The outline/frame of the MBC disc is created by relative phase-shift, or orientation-difference. We found the increment contrast threshold and reaction time to detect a monocular Gabor probe elevated on the homogeneous half-image pedesta...

Recent experiments have established that monocular areas arising due to occlusion of one object by another contribute to stereoscopic depth perception. It has been suggested that the primary role of monocular occlusions is to define depth discontinuities and object boundaries in depth. Here we use a carefully designed stimulus to demonstrate empirically that monocular occlusions play an importa...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ability of the fellow eye to detect stimuli in the area corresponding to the ring scotoma (blind area) of a monocular bioptic telescope in simple conditions (conventional perimetry) and in more visually demanding conditions. METHODS A computerized dichoptic perimeter enabled separate stimuli to be presented to each eye of 7 bioptic users and 7 nonusers. The bioptic r...

OBJECTIVE To treat binocular diplopia secondary to macular pathology. METHODS Seven patients underwent evaluation and treatment. All had constant vertical diplopia caused by various maculopathies, including subretinal neovascularization, epiretinal membrane, and central serous retinopathy. Visual acuity ranged from 20/20 to 20/30 in the affected eye. All except 1 patient had a small-angle, co...

Eighteen consecutive cases of bilateral superior oblique palsy have been studied retrospectively. The patients were typically adults with a history of severe head trauma. All patients complained of diplopia, either vertical, torsional, or both. Other neurological sequelae were common. Central disruption of fusion was seen in three patients. Eight patients underwent surgery for torsional or vert...

Binocular rivalry occurs when different images are presented one to each eye: the images are visible only alternately. Monocular rivalry occurs when different images are presented both to the same eye: the clarity of the images fluctuates alternately. Could both sorts of rivalry reflect the operation of a general visual mechanism for dealing with perceptual ambiguity? We report four experiments...