in islamic texts, waqf of money was restricted to dirham and dinar, for the only prevailing money in early islam has been these two kinds. definitions of waqf presented by jurists as “imprisoning the concrete property” resulted in restriction of waqf to those things benefitting of which would not lead to their destruction. consequently, expanding the scope of waqf became almost impossible. as t...

A religious society is a characteristic of the Indonesian nation. This marked by majority population being Muslim and extraordinary number places worship, both mosques prayer rooms. Likewise, educational facilities, Islamic institutions based on boarding schools, integrated campuses are mushrooming throughout country. mass organizations also contributed to da'wah Islam in this In terms economy,...

Abstract Research background: The aim of this paper is to examine the long run relationship among oil prices and Algerian Dinar exchange rate over period January 1995–February 2020 in Algeria as one most important oil-exporting countries OPEC members. Purpose: This study investigated co-integration between by testing long-run two variables their positive negative shocks. methodology: applied bo...

Convertibility is an important factor in international trade where instruments valued in different currencies will be exchanged. Convertibility can be either total manner or a partial manner. However, whatever the type of convertibility, there will be advantages and disadvantages to  the economy of a country of which has  made a convertibility of its national currency. Convertibility was studie...