The clavicle is the most frequently fractured bone in humans. General anesthesia with or without Regional Anesthesia (RA) used for surgeries due to its complex innervation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Problems with pediatric airways are among the greatest challenges an anesthesiologist can face. Laryngeal spasm, which is twice or three times more frequent in the pediatric population, is paramount. The objective of this work was to report the treatment of laryngeal spasm applying digital pressure on a specific area behind the ear lobe. The technique is old, easy, but...

background: we investigated the effects of cigarette smoking in non-per os (npo) period on volume and ph of gastric contents in smoker male patients. methods: in a prospective cohort study, 86 male smoker patients undergoing elective non-abdominal surgery under general anesthesia, were surveyed. they were npo for at least 8-12 hrs. prior to surgery without direction to smoking. then they were d...

opium is a derivative of opium poppy; the species of plant which its extract is used for preparing opium. opium abuse is considered under drug dependency classification of psychiatric diseases and opium abusers have a number of major challenges before, during and after anesthesia for surgical operations (i.e. the perioperative period). this article reviews these clinical challenges during the p...

introduction: hemodynamic alterations are a common complication during anesthetic induction with intravenous anesthesia. hypotension due to propofol injection may be very severe in cardiac vascular patient. ketamine produces the significant increasing but temporary in systematic blood stream, heartbeat, cardiac output through central sympathetic stimulation. objective : to determine effect of k...

background simultaneous administration of epidural local anesthetic agents (la) and general anesthetics (intravenous or inhaled) is a common procedure in patients undergoing major operations. the effects of epidural anesthesia during combined general-epidural anesthesia on the alertness level (cgea) in the awake phase and the doses of anesthetics have been reported. objectives the present study...