The pancreas is an organ that actually consists of two glands: one exocrine and one endocrine gland. The glandular epithelium is a specialized epithelial tissue which produces and excretes substances to control our bodily functions. The exocrine gland secretes its fluids via ducts (into the intestinal lumen), while the endocrine gland secretes its substances via the extracellular space into the...

Sacoglossan sea slugs are the only metazoans known to perform functional kleptoplasty, the sequestration and retention of functional chloroplasts within their digestive gland cells. Remarkably, a few species with this ability can survive starvation periods of 3-12 months likely due to their stolen chloroplasts. There are no reports of kleptoplast transfer from mother slug to either eggs or juve...

The aim of the study was to investigate fluoride concentrations in bone, brain and pineal gland of goosander Mergus merganser wintering in the Odra estuary (Poland) as well as in fish originating from its digestive tract. The fluoride concentrations were determined with potentiometric method. Medians of concentrations in goosander had the highest and the lowest values in pineal gland and brain ...

Acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon salivary gland neoplasm that generally displays an indolent growth pattern. Most cases arise in the major glands, particularly the parotid. However, it can arise from minor salivary glands in the oral cavity and aero-digestive tract. Although ACC is generally a low-grade malignant tumor, poorly differentiated and high-grade transformed variants exhibit...

Although some studies have evaluated the use of Siphonaria lessonii as a bioindicator pollution, no study has identified effects human activities on digestive gland, which is main centre detoxification xenobiotics and target organ in contamination studies. Thus, present work aims to evaluate this species suitable sentinel by analysing gland shell alterations. The was carried out three populatio...

Pyrethroid insecticides and heavy metals frequently co-exist in aquatic systems, due to intensive anthropogenic activities, their effects on organisms are needed be investigated. In the present work, single combined of environmentally realistic concentrations cyfluthrin copper digestive gland histology freshwater pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis) were evaluated. Snails exposed 1 µg/L cyfluthrin, 1...

The salivary fluid is produced by the major glands like parotid, submandibular and sublingual along with minor present in oral cavity. Almost 0.5 to 1.5 liters of secretion occurs 24 hours. gland under autonomic control but various other factors influence rate quality secretions. mechanism saliva involves a number pumps carrier proteins acinar ductal region that forms primary secretions which u...

The volume of nanoparticles (NPs) used in various sectors human life is steadily increasing. Due to their unique properties, silicon dioxide (SiO2 NPs) are widely industrial production. However, ecotoxicological effect on marine biota extremely poorly understood. To highlight this problem, experiments were conducted with short-term SiO2 NPs exposure the sand dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis sperm,...