Diffusion theory and similarity relations were used to calculate the optical diffuse reflectance of an infinitely narrow laser beam incident upon a semi-infinite turbid medium. The results were analyzed by comparison with the accurate results from Monte Carlo simulations. Because a large number of photon packets were traced, the variance of the results from Monte Carlo simulations was small eno...

Purpose: discuss actual application value of the diffusion theory in massive electric vehicle charging load; Method: introduce single vehicle charging process, extend it to charging process of two and multiple electric vehicles, abstract physical process of parallel charging of electric vehicles, introduce energy block concept and diffusion theory, and establish diffusion charging model of elec...

Local information and communication resource centers, usually called telecenters, are springing up in developing countries with the objective of bringing the beneats of new communication technologies to the rural poor. Rural telecenters are calling the attention of academic and nonacademic researchers, but there is no theoretical framework to help understand the process of diffusion and adoptio...

Purpose: discuss actual application value of the diffusion theory in massive electric vehicle charging load. Method: introduce single vehicle charging process, extend it to charging process of two and multiple electric vehicles, abstract physical process of parallel charging of electric vehicles, introduce energy block concept and diffusion theory, and establish diffusion charging model of elec...

This article builds on punctuated equilibrium theory to evaluate the diffusion of public policy innovations in the United States. The article argues that punctuated equilibrium theory provides a unifying framework for understating three mechanisms leading to the diffusion of innovations: gradual policy diffusion driven by incremental policy emulation, rapid state-to-state diffusion driven by po...

Density functional theory is a particular case of a general theory of conjugate variables that serves as the basis of the projection operator technique. By using this technique we derive a general dynamical version of density functional theory which involves a generalized diffusion tensor. The diffusion tensor is given by a Green-Kubo expression. For Brownian dynamics of dilute colloidal suspen...