We assessed age differences in the ability to resolve competition for figural status in stationary displays using small, enclosed, symmetrical silhouettes that participants classified as depicting "novel" or "familiar" shapes. The silhouettes were biased such that the inside was perceived as the shaped figure, and the outside was perceived as a shapeless ground. The critical manipulation was wh...

A central goal of daily stress research is to identify resilience and vulnerability factors associated with exposure and reactivity to daily stressors. The present study examined how age differences and global perceptions of stress relate to exposure and emotional reactivity to daily stressors. Sixty-seven younger (M age = 20) and 116 older (M age = 80) adults completed a daily stress diary and...

Although divided differences of a function are of basic importance in the theory of numerical analysis, they are not nearly as useful as ordinary differences in application. In the first place, they are much harder to generate ; not only because they involve unequal intervals of the argument, but because divisions are involved, often by small numbers. Furthermore, they are harder to interpret t...

It has been demonstrated for many pre-industrial populations that the age at marriage, or marriage duration, influences age-specific marital fertility but the reason for this remains unclear. Among the several mechanisms that may be responsible, the following are often cited: secondary sterility or increased subfecundity associated with parity; declining coital frequency; the age difference bet...

PURPOSE To study variations in dynamic measures of accommodation and disaccommodation with age in subjects ranging from preschool to adulthood. METHODS Accommodative responses to a step stimulus cartoon movie alternating from distance to near were recorded with a dynamic infrared photorefractor. Subjects viewed at least three stimulus cycles of far and near for four near stimulus demands (2, ...

In 1998 the Norwegian government introduced a program that substantially increased parents’ incentives to stay home with children under the age of three. Many eligible children had older siblings, and we investigate how this program affected long-run educational outcomes of the older siblings. Using comprehensive administrative data, we estimate a difference-in-differences model which exploits ...

This article explores the age difference of marrying and divorcing couples, calculated by subtracting the wife's age from the husband's. Age difference is of interest in the study of families and partnership behaviour. It is also important because of its link with broader socio-demographic changes, such as population ageing, delayed fertility and the provision of care. The main finding is that ...

Trying to learn sometimes impairs implicit learning of artificial grammars and of control systems. We asked whether such negative effects of trying also occur in implicit learning of subtle sequential regularities and whether such effects vary with adult age. Young (n = 12, age = 20-23) and older (n = 24, age = 60-80) adults completed an alternating serial response time task in which predictabl...

Measuring fun and enjoyment with children is not trivial. Subjective measures are known to suffer from an experimenter effect and often lack detail in their answering. The experimenter effect refers to answering in accordance with the expectations of the experimenter rather than reflecting the opinion of the subject. The lack of detail in answering is due to the oft-found finding (which we will...

We study an action of the skew divided difference operators on the Schubert polynomials and give an explicit formula for structural constants for the Schubert polynomials in terms of certain weighted paths in the Bruhat order on the symmetric group. We also prove that, under certain assumptions, the skew divided difference operators transform the Schubert polynomials into polynomials with posit...