To confirm that Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) guidelines are applicable to test the efficacy of mosquito repellents, these guidelines were used to test the efficacy and complete protection times (CPTs) of three representative mosquito repellents: N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), citronella, and fennel oil. The repellency of citronella oil decreased over time, from 97.9% at 0 h...

Following the approach of Grignani and Nardelli [1], we show how to cast the two–dimensional model L ∼ curv + torsion + cosm.const — and in fact any theory of gravity — into the form of a Poincaré gauge theory. By means of the above example we then clarify the limitations of this approach: The diffeomorphism invariance of the action still leads to a nasty constraint algebra. Moreover, by simple...

This study evaluated the repellency effect of 3 topical repellents (permethrin, DEET and neem tree extract) against 3-5 day old females of laboratory and field strains of Anopheles stephensi. Probing/biting rates on the shaved belly of white rabbits were counted. Effective dose (ED) 50 and ED95 values were calculated by probit statistic software. The results revealed ED50 values of 0.007, 0.005...

A theorem of Mina evaluates the determinant of a matrix with entries D(f(x)). We note the important special case where the matrix entries are evaluated at x = 0 and give a simple proof of it, as well as some special additivity properties that hold in this case, but not in general. Some applications are given also. We then give a short proof of the general case. October 25, 1998 An old theorem o...

Six controlled-release personal-use topical insect/arthropod repellent formulations of diethylmethylbenzamide (deet) were evaluated in an environmental chamber on volunteers for repellency against the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Ae. taeniorhynchus under three climatic regimens: basic variable high humidity (tropical environment), basic constant high humidity (forested and wet environment) and ...

The knock-down, mortality and 'irritancy' effects of three synthetic repellents (DEET, IR3535 and KBR 3023) on Aedes aegypti (L) (Diptera: Culicidae) were evaluated in the laboratory in the absence of animal bait. Filter paper tests were carried out to assess the knock-down effect (KDt(50) and KDt(95)) and mortality (LC(50) and LC(95)) induced by each repellent. 'Irritancy' tests were carried o...

Consider functional I u R jjDuj L detDuj dx whose energy well consists of matrices satisfying j j L det We show that the relaxations of this functional in various Sobolev spaces are signi cantly di erent We also make several remarks concerning various p growth semiconvex hulls of the energy well set and prove an attainment result for a special Hamilton Jacobi equation jDuj L detDu in the so cal...

Titel Title: Metapopulation persistence of insects living in hollow oaks: effects of adding oaks in the surrounding landscape Metapopulationsöverlevnad hos hålträdslevande insekter: effekter av fler ekar i det omgivande landskapet

When the directed graph of an n–by–n matrix A does not contain a Hamilton cycle, we exhibit a formula for detA in terms of sums of products of proper principal minors of A. The set of minors involved depends upon the zero/nonzero pattern of A.

We investigate the problem of reconstructing a fully anisotropic conductivity tensor γ from internal functionals of the form ∇u · γ∇u where u solves ∇ · (γ∇u) = 0 over a given bounded domain X with prescribed Dirichlet boundary condition. This work motivated by hybrid medical imaging methods covers the case n ≥ 3, following the previously published case n = 2 [21]. Under knowledge of enough suc...