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The term “plea bargaining”has become a label often used to describe a series of disparate mechanisms to investigate,prosecute,and adjudicate criminal liability. For some,plea bargaining is the indispensable tool to address criminal conduct,while for others it has become a symbol of coercion and injustice. The purpose of this Article will be to distinguish the very different mechanisms that are ...

Different attempts have been made to answer Reich's question why the majority of those who are hungry don't steal and why the majority of those who are exploited don't strike. The two most influential approaches have been the ideological one and the gunman theory. The gunman theory seems to have the upper hand in that it not only explains many cases of successful oppression by a minority of a m...

Let p(~x) ∈ R[~x] be SOS in t real polynomial squares. Then, p(~x) must have even degree. Let deg(p(~x)) = 2k. Then, ∃q1, . . . , qt ∈ R[~x] s.t. deg(qi(~x)) ≤ k and p(~x) = ∑t i=1 q 2 i (~x). A key observation is that we can now exactly characterise the finitely many possible power-products that could occur in each qi(~x). Definition 1.1. Let Λn(d) = {α = 〈α1, . . . , αn〉 ∈ Nn | α1 + . . .+ αn...

OBJECTIVE The Hmong are a growing population of South-East Asian immigrants with increasing rates of obesity and diabetes, yet little is known about their dietary consumption patterns. The present study aimed to investigate the dietary intake of Hmong children and whether acculturation and/or time lived in the USA influences dietary intake, BMI and nutritional status. DESIGN Two 24 h dietary ...

BACKGROUND There is a surprising paucity of studies that have systematically examined the correlates of water intake in the US population. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine the association of contributors of water intake with dietary characteristics, meal consumption, and body weight in the US population. DESIGN We used 24-h dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Ex...

OBJECTIVES Intake and status of carotenoids have been associated with chronic disease. The objectives of this study were to examine the association between carotenoid intakes as measured by two regional food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and their corresponding measures in serum, and to report on dietary food sources of carotenoids in Jackson Heart Study (JHS) participants. DESIGN Cross-sec...

BACKGROUND Because excessive dietary sodium intake is a major contributor to hypertension, a reduction in dietary sodium has been recommended for the US population. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010 data, we estimated current sodium intake in US population ethnic subgroups and modeled the potential impact of a new sodium reduction technology on sodium...

Adverse blood pressure (BP) is a major independent risk factor for epidemic cardiovascular diseases affecting almost one third of the US adult population. This review synthesizes results from studies published over the past few years on BP differences and prevalent hypertension between US blacks and whites and their different intakes of foods (e.g., fruits, vegetables, and dairy products) and m...

Objective To explore the perceptions of dietary habits and type 2 diabetes risk among Congolese immigrants living in the US. Methods Data were collected from 20 in-depth interviews and photo-elicitation techniques conducted with Congolese immigrants. The PEN-3 cultural model was used as a guide to analyze the data collected. Results Participants identified positive, existential, and negativ...