The mechanisms of delivery of plant small RNAs to consumers must be investigated in order to harness this technology to positively impact biotechnology. Two groups have used honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) feeding regimes to detect a plant-based small RNA, termed MIR2911, in sera. Meanwhile, numerous groups have failed to detect dietary plant-based small RNAs in consumers. Here we catalog level...

The activity of cytochrome p450 isozyme 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is modulated by grapefruit juice and herbal drugs. CYP3A4 is the major phase I drug metabolizing enzyme and P-gp is an ATP-dependent drug efflux pump that regulates the intestinal absorption of orally administered drugs. Honey is commonly consumed as a dietary supplement. However, its influence on human CY...

The contents of adenine nucleotides of myocardium from rats treated with isoproterenol and/or dietary Mgor K-deficiency were measured. And also, the fatty acid composition of phospholipid fractions of liver from rats fed control diet, a Mgand/or K-deficient diet for 20 days is presented. Both the administration of isoproterenol and the dietary Mgor Kdeficiency produced the significant decrease ...

Administration of a dietary retinoid supplement beginning 1 week after carcinogen administration is highly effective in the inhibition of rat mammary carcinogenesis. A study was de signed at two carcinogen dose levels to determine to what extent retinoid feeding can be delayed and retain its chemoprotective effect. In the high-dose experiment, groups of 30 virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats rece...

Dietary xylitol supplementation increases bone calcium and phosphorus concentrations in healthy rats, as well as protects against the decrease of bone minerals and bone density during experimental osteoporosis. This suggests that dietary xylitol might have a favorable effect on the prevention of osteoporosis. However, before any conclusions can be drawn about the usefulness of a compound, studi...

Epidemiological studies have shown an association between consumption of alcoholic beverages and carcinoma of the large bowel, but studies in experimental models of colonic carcinogenesis have yielded conflicting results. We assessed the effects on azoxymethane-induced colonic carcinogenesis of both timing of chronic dietary ethanol consumption relative to carcinogen administration and quantity...

The immune system in vertebrates senses exogenous and endogenous danger signals by way of complex cellular and humoral processes, and responds with an inflammatory reaction to combat putative attacks. A strong protective immunity is imperative to prevent invasion of pathogens; however, equivalent responses to commensal flora and dietary components in the intestine have to be avoided. The autono...

Calcium formate is a water-soluble salt of an essential mineral nutrient with potential for use as a dietary calcium supplement. Formate ion is a product of endogenous and xenobiotic metabolism, but sustained high plasma formate concentrations (such as occur in cases of methanol poisoning) are toxic to the retina and optic nerve. Humans and primates have reduced capacity for formate oxidation c...

One hundred twenty barrows (initially 59 kg) were used to determine the effects of dietary lysine and porcine somatotropin (pST) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs fed to heavy market weights (127 kg). Pigs were injected daily with either 4 mg of pST or a placebo and fed diets containing either .8, 1.0, 1.2, or 1.4% lysine in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement. Perfo...

The antidiabetic effect of a hot water extract of stems of Salacia chinensis (SCE) was evaluated in vivo in KK-Ay mice, a typical type 2 diabetes mellitus mice model. Administration of CE-2 dietary feed containing 0.25 and/or 0.50% of SCE for three weeks to KK-Ay mice significantly suppressed the elevation of both blood glucose and HbA1c levels without significant changes in body weight or food...