Substrate samples were taken from eight marshes in southern Nebraska during the summers of 1985 and 1986 when the marshes were relatively dry. Each sample was 12 inches square by 2 inches deep. The number of samples per marsh ranged from 66 to 112, with transect lengths ranging from 71 to 201 m. Based on a 97.5 % recovery rate, these marshes contained an average of 47,217 lead and 5849 steel sh...

Correct selection of manufacturing condition is one of the most important aspects which should be considered in the majority of manufacturing processes,  particularly in the process related to advanced machining process like electrical discharge machining. In electrical discharge machining (EDM), dielectric fluid plays an important role since machining characteristics are greatly influenced by ...

Electro Discharge Machining (EDM) is a very efficient machining process widely used in manufacturing components of complicated geometry. Based on its nature, i.e. material removal by electric discharge, the process induces thermal stresses that in turn result in generation of wide spread micro-cracks on the surface of the machined part. In this paper the influence of EDM characteristic paramete...

Recently, Functionally Graded Scaffolds (FGSs) have attracted a lot of attention as bone replacements due to their gradient porosities as well as a bone structure. In present study titanium functionally graded scaffolds (FGSs) were fabricated by powder metallurgy route using Mg and carbamide as space holders. The arranged layers with 20, 40 and 60 Vol.% porosities were compacted in steel die us...

Nach einer Einleitung und Diskussion tiber die Eingen­schaften der diabetischen Krankheiten wurde ausflihrlich trber die Aetiologie und Pathophysiologie der Zuckeran­kheiten,insbesondere der Altersdiabetis,gesprochen.Nach der symptomalogie der Diabetis haben wir die ncueste Einteilung der Zuckerkrankheiten genannt und die Untc­rsuchungsmethoden,die heute Uhlich sind,erwahnt;dazu wurden unsere M...

The former " Steel Cities " of Sheffield, UK and Pittsburgh, USA have struggled to grow and attract a modern, knowledge-based economy. From the 1970s to early 1980s, their traditional manufacturing economies began to breakdown, rendering the economic logic of their industrial structures obsolete. The comparative advantage of OECD cities shifted from physical manufacturing to the packaging and g...

The design of extrusion dies depends on the experience of the designer. After the die has been manufactured, it is tested during an extrusion process and machined several times until it works properly. The die is designed by a trial and error method which is expensive interms of time consumption and the amount of scrap. Research is going on to replace the trial pressing with finite element simu...

In this paper investigations are conducted on the machining of EN-31 die steel with different electrode materials (copper, brass and graphite) with electrical discharge machining (EDM) process. This study presents the analysis and evaluation of heat affected zones (HAZ) of the workpiece surfaces machined using different tool electrodes by EDM. The kerosene oil of commercial grade has been used ...

The deep cryogenic treatment is a complementary operation that is done on a variety of tool steels aimed at improving their abrasion resistance and hardness. In the case of the H13 hot-work steel, which is widely used at high temperatures as a hot-deformation tool, we need to determine the efficiency of subzero treatment on it at the working temperature. In this regard, this paper is focu...