Latex agglutination reagents are widely used in microbial diagnosis, identification and serotyping. Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. Current vaccines target the pneumococcal capsule, and there are over 90 capsular serotypes. Serotyping pneumococcal isolates is therefore important for assessing the impact of vaccination programs ...

A total of 568 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from healthy and diarrheic rabbits were separated into 11 different biotypes according to the fermentation patterns of four carbohydrates. Strains belonging to biotypes 1 to 3, 6, and 8 induced lesions characteristic for attaching and effacing E. coli (AEEC). They attached to the intestinal epithelium of the terminal small intestine and the la...

BACKGROUND Non-typhoidal Salmonella is a common cause of infectious diarrhea in humans. Antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella has become a global concern. METHODS Using laboratory-based surveillance system for Salmonella from September 2009 to December 2012 in Guangdong Province of China. The clinical information and samples of diarrhea patients were collected, according to the surveillance case...

background: klebseilla pneumoniae causes urinary tract infections, nosocomial pneumonia and intra-abdominal infections. capsular antigens are considered to be the ultimate virulence determinants. among 77 capsular serotypes of k. pneumoniae, serotypes k1 and k2 are the most virulent ones in humans. objectives: we designed a pcr method for detection of capsular serotypes k1 and k2 of k. pneumoni...

results the results of this study showed some s. pneumoniae serotypes were found in both sexes and some only in one sex invasive infections. for example, serotypes 10, 14, 18 and 22 were only in female patients with infections. conclusions the analysis of the results had suggested that serotypes 6 from lung and 19 from eye are the most abundant bacterial strains isolated from patients. the dise...

Arbitrary primed PCR (AP-PCR) analysis was compared with serotyping as a means of high-resolution typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Seventy-four isolates from 3 different hospitals and 18 reference strains were studied. Serotyping provided good index of discrimination, although eleven isolates could not be serotyped. Genomic DNA was amplified with a single 10 nucleotide primer (sequence 5'-AGG ...

The porin proteins PIA and PIB of Neisseria gonorrhoeae are serotyping antigens for the serovar classification system and leading candidates for gonococcal vaccine development. Although serotyping has been a useful tool, this method can be insensitive to critical sequence changes in the por gene, including those in surface-exposed variable regions (VRs). A sensitive and specific typing system f...

Variations in class 2/3 (PorB) proteins form the basis for meningococcal serotyping. Antibodies against these proteins are bactericidal, making serotyping results useful not only for epidemiological surveillance of meningococcal disease but also for identifying potential vaccine components. A total of 20 to 60% of meningococcal B and C isolates from any given population are nontypeable (NT) usi...

Molecular methods have emerged as the most reliable techniques to detect and characterize pathogenic Escherichia coli. These molecular techniques include conventional single analyte and multiplex PCR, PCR followed by microarray detection, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and whole genome sequencing. The choice of methods used depends upon the specific needs of the particular study. One ...

Flavobacterium psychrophilum is a devastating bacterial pathogen of salmonids reared in freshwater worldwide. So far, serological diversity between isolates has been described but the underlying molecular factors remain unknown. By combining complete genome sequence analysis and the serotyping method proposed by Lorenzen and Olesen (1997) for a set of 34 strains, we identified key molecular det...