The littoral zone ecosystem of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) has become significantly degraded by annual cycles of prolonged winter flooding and summer drought. For purposes of flood control and sediment management, the water level in the reservoir is lowered by 30 m during the summer monsoon season and raised again to 175 m above sea level each year at the end of the monsoon period. To expl...

Allometric models to estimate biomass components such as stem mass Ms, foliage mass Ml, root mass Mr and aboveground mass Ma, were developed for the palm species Euterpe precatoria Mart., which is the most abundant tree species in the Amazon. We harvested twenty palms including aboveand below-ground parts in an old growth Amazonian forest in Brazil. The diameter at breast height D ranged from 3...

Due to expected climate change and increased focus on forests as a potential carbon sink, it is of interest to map and monitor even marginal forests where trees exist close to their tolerance limits, such as small pioneer trees in the forest-tundra ecotone. Such small trees might indicate tree line migrations and expansion of the forests into treeless areas. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) has be...

最近（2011年または2012年）に間伐された過密壮齢林2林分を対象に，本数率30％前後の強度が中庸な下層間伐が樹冠長の7年間の変化および4年間の胸高直径成長に及ぼす影響を調べた。いずれの間伐林でも平均樹冠長は時間とともに増加した。間伐林における樹高の成長速度は0.2 m/年前後であるのに対し，生枝下高の上昇速度はほぼ0.0 m/年であった。間伐林の平均胸高直径成長量は，放置林のそれより有意に高かった。また，期首胸高直径と胸高直径成長量の関係では，期首胸高直径が大きな立木ほど間伐林と放置林の胸高直径成長量の差が大きくなった。本研究は，中庸な下層間伐によって，過密壮齢林における樹冠底部の生枝の枯れ上がりが停止した事例を報告した。ただし，樹冠競合で相対的に劣勢な立木ほど，胸高直径成長促進の効果が低くなると考えられる。

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Morphology of crown shoots changes with tree height. The height of forest trees is usually correlated with the light environment and this makes it difficult to separate the effects of tree size and of light conditions on the morphological plasticity of crown shoots. This paper addresses the tree-height dependence of shoot traits under full-light conditions where a tree crown...

little information is available on the effects of applying compost tea to species in dry regions. compost from agricultural waste can promote drought resistance in plants and increase their growth by improving soil structure and providing nutrients and enhancing the capacity of the soil to store moisture. in order to examine these effects, compost tea was tested on two species growing in dry re...

dynamic behavior of ground supported cylindrical storage tanks (cst) is of crucial importance because of its applications in industrial complexes. seismic behavior of tanks is greatly affected by the height to diameter ratio, fluid height and fluid type. five csts with different height to diameter ratios, three csts with the same height and diameters but various fluid heights and one cst with t...