Fluconazole is a widely used drug that inhibits the synthesis of fungal cell membranes [1,2]. Its elimination is predominantly via renal excretion with most of the dose recovered in urine as an unchanged and active drug. As a result, drug pharmacokinetics are altered in patients with renal failure and it is essential to establish guidelines on how to handle this drug in those patients. Furtherm...

OBJECTIVE It is known that glucose concentrations of peritoneal dialysis solutions are detrimental to the peritoneal membrane. In order to determine the effect of glucose concentration on cytokine levels of peritoneal fluid of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, a cross-sectional study was performed. METHODS Nine non-diabetic CAPD patients participated in two 8-h dwell ...

BACKGROUND Oral ingestion of proteins or amino acids is associated with endothelial dysfunction. The effect of commercial amino acid peritoneal dialysis solutions on vascular function is unknown. OBJECTIVE We compared the acute effect of intraperitoneal amino acid administration with that of intraperitoneal glucose administration on vascular function in peritoneal dialysis patients. DESIGN ...

Introduction In the current study, an extended 3-pore model (TPM) is presented and applied to the problem of optimizing automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) with regard to osmotic water transport (UF), small/middle-molecule clearance, and glucose absorption. Methods Simulations were performed for either intermittent APD (IPD) or tidal APD (TPD). IPD was simulated for fill and drain volumes of ...

The option of daily hemodialysis (HD) was discussed in November 1998 with a group of 35 HD patients on home or self-care/limited-care HD in a single, freestanding unit. After the meeting, 3 patients on home HD chose to switch to daily HD. The clinical success of the first patient and the immediate followers was one of the main reasons for further extension of this experience. At the time of thi...

BACKGROUND Peritoneal transport rate, a major determinant of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patient survival, increases in most patients starting on PD, while in other patients peritoneal transport rate may decline. Although several factors may contribute to changes in peritoneal transport rate, inflammation is known to be associated with a high peritoneal transport rate, and residual renal function ...

Blood and dialysate concentrations of fosfomycin were determined after intravenous and intraperitoneal application of 4 mg/liter in patients undergoing automated peritoneal dialysis. Maximum serum concentrations after intravenous (287.75 ± 86.34 mg/liter) and intraperitoneal (205.78 ± 66.78 mg/liter) administration were comparable. Ratios of intraperitoneal to systemic exposure were 1.12 (intra...

BACKGROUND The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in peritoneal transport is uncertain. METHODS We studied 82 new peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, 22 prevalent patients without ultrafiltration problem, and 6 patients with documented ultrafiltration problem. Peritoneal transport was determined by standard peritoneal equilibration test (PET). RNA was extracted from the PD effluent after PET, and intr...