Almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] is one of the most important cultivated fruit trees in Iran. Late frost in spring is a key limiting factor for almond productivity given that almond trees flower early in the spring in comparison with other temperate fruit trees. To decrease frost injury in “Mamaei” cultivar, this study was carried out in factorial randomized complete block design (CRBD)...

Digital acquisition and analysis of sleep data has become more common over the past 20 years. Many investigators have developed strategies to record and analyze sleep in a quantitative way. Initially, digital recording and analysis were restricted by technical limitations. With current technology, the technical limitations of computer acquisition, data storage, and analysis are less constrainin...

It would be nice if we could talk about sleep and memory as if there were only one type of memory and one type of sleep. But this is far from the case. Sleep and memory each comes in many forms, and furthermore, memories can go through multiple forms of post-encoding processing that must be individually addressed. Finally, sleep stages per se do not affect memories. Rather, the neuromodulatory ...

Chronic pruritus is a debilitating condition with numerous etiologies. Many patients suffer from nocturnal pruritus, which can decrease quality of life and affect mortality in hemodialysis patients. Nocturnal pruritus may occur in all sleep stages but is most prevalent in stages N1 and N2. Further research is needed to elucidate the pathophysiology of nocturnal itch, which will aid in the devel...

A system for computer-assisted encoding, tabulation and analysis of visually scored sleep data is presented. The main features of the system are: (1) The use of computer-readable optical scan sheets for direct encoding of the sleep data. This eliminates the need for a separate transcription and/or key-punching operation. (2) The development of a visually scored data base, organized by NREM and ...

Transition patterns between different sleep stages are analysed in terms of probability distributions of symbolic sequences for young and old subjects with and without sleep disorder. Changes of these patterns due to ageing are compared with variations of transition probabilities due to sleep disorder.

The study's purpose was to identify the mediating role of intention and the stages of change (SOC) in physical activity (PA) over a 6-month period using two models (theory of planned behavior [TPB] and TPB/SOC). Participants were 143 adults with physical disabilities (70.68% response rate; M age = 46.03). The TPB constructs, SOC (time 1), and PA (time 2) were assessed using standardized self-re...

the aim of this research was determination of nutritive value of cressa cretica with gas test method, in vivo digestibility and degradability with nylon bag method in three phenological stages. the amount of crude protein decreased significantly in seeding stage. but the amount of ndf and adf increased in seeding stage. the degradability of dry matter and rapid and slowly degradable fractions d...

this study presents the first details on morphological and histological characteristics of gonads, gonadal development stages and reproductive index of the persian loach, oxynoemacheilus persa (heckel, 1847), an iranian endemic species. sampling was done from april 2010 to april 2011 using electrofishing device and a total of 196 individuals were collected. the gonads of specimens were removed,...