Temporary-pond species can be expected to use environmental cues to predict the onset of adverse conditions, while permanent-pond species may be insensitive to such cues. Temperature is such a potential cue in temporary waterbodies, as it fluctuates more widely with decreasing pond size than in deeper permanent ponds. We compared the temperatureinduced response of a permanent-pond and a tempora...

Waste stabilization pond systems are widely used to treat animal wastes under highly variable hydraulic loading regimes. These systems have received limited research attention with regard to their hydrodynamic behaviour and the potential impact of shock hydraulic loading on their performance. In this study a two-stage dairy shed waste stabilisation pond system was topographically surveyed to de...

BACKGROUND detention in the harsh conditions of police cells can be a traumatic experience, even for young healthy individuals. It is thus legitimate to question the detention of elderly people. OBJECTIVE we aimed to determine the proportion of detainees over age 60, their medical characteristics and history. METHODS we studied all arrestees over age 60 examined in 1 year (1st January-31 De...

BACKGROUND Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) has been scaled up by the Chinese government alongside persistent compulsory drug user detention, but the extent to which detention interferes with MMT is unknown. The study systematically reviews Chinese MMT retention rates, reasons for drop out, and behavioural changes. METHOD Chinese and English databases of literature are searched for studi...

Introduction of sahar in cage-cum-pond integration system of mixed-sex Nile tilapia was evaluated using 15 outdoor cemented ponds of 24 m2 (4.9m × 4.9m) size with 1.25 m water depth placing a cage of 1.2m× 1m × 1m size holding 1 m3 water at the center of each pond at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Rampur, Chitwan, for 158 days. The experiment was conducted in a completely r...

A 6-year-old child, held in detention with his parents pending the outcome of their application for refugee status, manifested psychological distress by repeated episodes of refusing to eat or drink. This case presented clinical and ethical dilemmas for health professionals who were constrained from acting in the child's best interests by government policy of mandatory detention.

The heat extraction from the lower convective zone or storage zone of salinity gradient solar pond with corrugated bottom is investigated with the aim of increasing the overall efficiency of collecting solar radiation, storing heat and delivering this heat to different applications. The energy balance equations for each zone have been used to develop the expression of temperature distribution i...

To determine the feeding sites preferred by adult gold-spotted pond frogs, Rana plancyi chosenica, and the foods that induce favorable growth of the frogs in the laboratory, we conducted two separate experiments between 27 May and 12 July 2007 in a vivarium. In the first experiment, we counted the number of crickets eaten by four gold-spotted pond frogs in a 60 min period at four different feed...

A model for the simulation of nitrification in activated sludge is presented and calculations are compared with experimental results from different sources. The role of protozoa and the influence of reactor type and of diurnal variations in flow and strength of the sewage are considered. Favorable conditions for nitrification are low rates of sludge wasting, high temperatures, plug-flow-type re...