Introduction The BOLD signal is a weak signal, and hence if no BOLD signal is found in an area this does not automatically mean there is no neural activity in that area. Signal dropout, artifacts, instability, physiological noise, RF-coil inhomogeneity etc. can all reduce the SNR locally leading to decreased detectability of the BOLD signal. Here we illustrate that calculation of the spatial di...

The problem of synchronization and detection of random pulse-position-modulation . . pp?.I 1 sqct ! :ces :s ~:~~;e~ti~:...!.p(! ::z?.t.r ~ ~ ~ ~ ! : : : n + ~ n i i nf ~ p r f p ~ f ~ !n t c \ ~ ~ c ! h r r > ~ ~ i z = t i f i ~ ~ r . a > > ~ I a x i ~ ~ ~ u ~ n l i k e l i l i c , o t l PPh synibol syiicliroxiiza.t.iori and receiver algorit.linis are derived that 111ilkt’ decisions 1 x 1 ~ ~ 1...

Generalized synchronization of chaos is a type of cooperative behavior in directionally coupled oscillators that is characterized by existence of stable and persistent functional dependence of response trajectories from the chaotic trajectory of driving oscillator. In many practical cases this function is nondifferentiable and has a very complex shape. The generalized synchrony in such cases se...

1. The success of locally applied treatments for exotic weed control depends on the effectiveness of the method used and workers’ abilities to find plants within infested sites. Detectability of exotic plants, however, depends on aspects of a plant’s spatial distribution such as the number and size of patches. We lack an explicit examination of how incomplete detection affects the spread of exo...

Abstract Kilonovae are ultraviolet, optical, and infrared transients powered by the radioactive decay of heavy elements following a neutron star merger. Joint observations kilonovae gravitational waves can offer key constraints on source Galactic r -process enrichment, among other astrophysical topics. However, robust element production require rapid kilonova detection (within ∼1 day merger) as...

It is shown that any stabilizing, certainty equivalence control used within an adaptive control system, causes the familiar interconnection of a controlled process and associated output estimator to be detectable through the estimator's output error ep, for every frozen value of the index or parameter vector p upon which both the estimator and controller dynamics depend. The fact that certainty...