Building fire puts great threat on people’s lives and causes huge numbers of fatalities each year. In 2007, total fire death in the United States alone was 3,430. The number of fatalities is distributed among residential 75.5%, non-residential 3.6%, vehicle 16.7%, outside 1.6%, and other 2.6%. Although much research has been done on building fire simulation to support designing safer buildings,...

Aceh is located on the Indian Ocean Coast which very prone to Tsunamis, this due frequent large earthquakes Megatrust faults, such as those that occurred during earthquake December 26, 2004. Based 2012 earthquake, Acehnese prefer horizontal evacuation vertical [1]. In case, many people in Banda do not believe strength of TVE buildings (distrust building). From research, it possible for will sam...

When disasters strike in urban areas, the most important issue is to direct rescue forces to the most heavily destroyed areas. SAR images, because of their independence from daylight and weather conditions, are the remote sensing tool of choice in these cases. However, often no pre-event image is available, so change detection cannot be performed. Thus, we aim at extracting areas of debris from...

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered many landslides and caused high volumes of loose solid material to collect in gully drainage areas; over time, this eroded became the source for multiple debris flows. On August 13, 2010, a heavy rainstorm struck areas that were impacted by earthquake. resulting flows more than 2000 deaths destroyed numerous buildings, bridges, traffic facilities. To mitig...

The debate on sustainable development has lead to the view of buildings as flows (mass, energy, money and information) or capitals. In this context buildings are considered as the largest physical, economical, social and cultural capital of a society. In Germany many institutions record different kind of data about buildings. Unfortunately there are just a few basic statistics about the amount ...

When comes to on-demand or real-time web mapping, difficulties is how to support adaptive and intelligent zooming and to generate web map that meeting user request rapidly. Solutions can be categorized into three approaches. However they do not fulfil the requirements for reason of performance or economy. The new strategy which intends to integrate multi-scale databases and on-thefly generaliza...

Malfunctioning HVAC equipment in commercial buildings wastes between 15% and 30% of energy. Many diagnosis approaches tackle this problem, but they either suffer from a lack of detailed fault information or a lack of adaptability to different buildings and equipment. Clearly, especially in the light of an ever increasing amount of sensor data that is available in heavily metered smart buildings...

in some climates, massive buildings made of stone, masonry, concrete, earth and … can be utilized as one of the simplest and most effective ways of reducing building heating and cooling loads. very often such savings could be achieved in the design stage of the building and with a relatively low-cost. such declines in building envelope heat losses combined with optimized material configuration ...