Grounded in social-contractual ideas about relationships between the governed and those who govern, provision of social benefits to citizens has historically been predicated on expectations acquiescence state authority. However, rapid expansion noncontributory assistance sub-Saharan Africa, often supported by global donors through technical programs, raises myriad questions relationship protect...

The norms of civil law are designed to regulate the relations participants in legal arising from appropriation property benefits. Subjects can satisfy their interest either through conclusion contractual relations, as a result which subject will have right demand satisfaction interests behavior an obligated person, or by acquiring rights with its subsequent use. In practice, there it is very di...

Extending the notion of contractual pricing introduced by Makowski and Ostroy (2003) to economies with moral hazard, this paper develops a model of team formation and organized competition with three main contributions. Firstly, a team’s organization is defined as an allocation of (public or private) commodities together with incentive compatible actions and information to its members. Secondly...

Problems of developing specialized financial services for housing are acute in transition socialist economies (TSE). Some constraints derive from the incomplete and imperfect privatization of the real estate sector. Others reflect the fragmented and undeveloped financial system. This paper examines a financial instrument, contractual savings for housing (CSH), that is often advocated as a major...

Contract manufacturers sell capacity under different terms to different buyers. In a common practice, the supplier offers a market standard price and lead-time combination for products listed in its catalog. At the same time, it strikes contracts with some high-volume customers who require recurring delivery of a custom product at a short notice, usually timed to meet the buyer’s production sch...

Despite the availability of ICT tools and infrastructures, civil engineers and design consultants still don't take full advantage in their daily activities of the eBusiness scheme which may open the door of the global market to providers of specialized consulting services. This perspective may allow even small consulting offices to get in contact with potential clients located in any part of th...

Chemerin is a proinflammatory plasma protein that binds to the GPCR ChemR23/CMKLR1 on macrophages and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and promotes chemotaxis. An orphan GPCR, CCRL2, has now been identified as an additional receptor for chemerin, providing a unique mechanism by which chemerin enhances inflammation. Furthermore, because recent data shows that chemerin-derived peptides possess antii...

In this article, we present a new analysis of what is involved when individuals undergo significant public humiliation. We describe the structure of humiliation-that is, the factors that, taken collectively, render certain life events and circumstances humiliating; the most common destructive consequences of being subjected to them; and several personality factors that, when present, can serve ...