friction-stir welding process is a novel method of solid state welding, which produces heat due to friction between the pin, the shoulder and the workpiece. this heat causes a paste area. shoulder pressure and pin spin cause edges integration and lead to welding. in this study, firstly, the feasibility of welding of steel sheet (en10130) with a thickness of 1.5mm has been tested by 58 experimen...

without the surrounding environment of a site, architecture loses its full meaning. in the evolutionof the design process, a site's environment should be understood as the integral factor within which a designed productor artifact is expected to perform. the environment is not of secondary priority. every building is intertwined with itscontext; context being its physical, visual and ecological...

It was hypothesized that repeated exposure to humorous material reduces distress, pain, and medication following surgery. This hypothesis was tested in a field experiment by randomly assigning 78 postsurgical patients to either a control group or 1 of 8 experimental groups formed by the factorial crossing of type of videotape (humorous vs. serious), perceived control (choice vs. no choice), and...

A quasi-experiment was conducted to determine if the effectiveness of the R.C.S. Home Energy Audit Program could be improved by training auditors to use sodal-psychological principles during the audit procedure. Nine experienced home energy auditors attended two 1-day workshops in which they were trained to: (a) communicate vividly; (b) personalize their recommendations to homeowners; (c) induc...

Standard tests of the “no-treatment-effect” hypothesis for a comparative experiment include permutation tests, the Wilcoxon rank sum test, two-sample t tests, and Fisher-type randomization tests. Practitioners are aware that these procedures test different no-effect hypotheses and are based on different modeling assumptions. However, this awareness is not always, or even usually, accompanied by...

Development of auditory-visual speech perception was investigated in a cross-linguistic developmental framework, using the McGurk effect. Stimuli consisting of /ba/, /da/, and /ga/ utterances were presented to participants who were asked to make syllable identifications on audiovisual (congruent and discrepant), audio-only, and video-only presentations at various signal-to-noise levels. The res...

Cosmic rays (CRs) in the energy range from several GeV up to about 100 PeV are assumed to be mostly of galactic origin. At energies up to several 100 MeV individual isotopes can be identified, e.g. with the ACE/CRIS experiment1, a satellite borne silicon detector telescope. At higher energies, CRs are identified by their charge and the energy measurement becomes an experimental challenge. Vario...