Britain's current ethnic mix is largely a consequence of legislation introduced following the Second World War to allow people from the British Empire and Commonwealth unhindered access to enter Britain to help revive the economy. British minority ethnic populations tend to live in more socially deprived areas, making differentiation between the effects of social deprivation and ethnicity diffi...

BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) occurs in 2-6 % of all pregnancies. We investigated whether area level deprivation is associated with a higher risk for GDM and whether GDM detection rates in deprived regions changed after the introduction of charge-free GDM screening in Germany in 2012. METHODS We analyzed population-based data from Bavaria, Germany, comprising n = 587,621 deli...

BACKGROUND This study examines obesity and factors associated with obesity in children aged 11-13 years in the UK. METHODS 1147 children from ten secondary schools participated in a health survey that included blood samples, fitness test and anthropometric measures. Factors associated with obesity were examined using multilevel logistic regression. FINDINGS Of the children examined (490 mal...

A simultaneous object discrimination task for food reward was elaborated in normal cats and in cats deprived of pattern vision from birth. In the latter the learning was more difficult and retraining was necessary after a preoperative retention period. In both groups the cortical projection of central vision was removed in areas 17, 18 and 19. In deprived cats the deficit following the cortical...

Parental awareness of risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and infant care practices were compared in an area of relative deprivation and one of relative aZuence in CardiV. Awareness was high in both areas. More infants slept on the side in the deprived area (p < 0.02). One in three babies was exposed to cigarette smoking, significantly more in the deprived area (p < 0.001). Hea...

In the congenitally blind, language processing involves visual areas. In the case of normal visual development however, it remains unclear whether later visual loss induces interactions between the language and visual areas. This study compared the resting-state functional connectivity (FC) of retinotopic and language areas in two unique groups of late visually deprived subjects: (1) blind indi...