The moisture resistance of friction-welded wood joints can be improved by applying bio-based bonding additives. Several biomolecules including tannic acid, organosolv lignin from hardwood, kraft softwood, and derivates thereof, were investigated regarding their applicability as additives in the friction welding process. Welding with showed significantly increased stability after 24 h water imme...

continuous exposure to high-energy ultrasonic waves depolymerises macromolecules in solutions and produces a permanent reduction in viscosity. different factors affect the efficiency of this ultrasonic depolymerisation. in this work ultrasonic degradation of one commercially important hydrogel based on acrylic acid and acrylamide was carried out in aqueous solution at room temperature (25oc). a...

Currently, Malaysia has significantly increased its reputation as a country ripe for investments in the palm-based lignocellulosic biomass space. Lignocellulosic palm biomass is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, as well as other minor components. The presence of highly cellulose content in palm biomass is potentially convert to nanocellulose, which is a promising bio-polymer that...

A method was designed to purify tubulin from limited volumes of cultured cells, which can be performed in less than 4 h. The method is based on the preservation of intact microtubule arrays during cell lysis in a large volume of buffer, followed by disassembly of microtubules in a small volume of cold buffer. This allows a good enrichment in tubulin, which is then purified by one cycle of polym...

Transcription elongation is the mechanism by which RNA polymerase (RNAP) moves along template unzipped DNA and synthesizes a complementary single-stranded RNA. During the elongation, RNAP forms a stable transcription elongation complex (TEC) with the template DNA and the nascent RNA. The mechanism involves back-tracked and forward-tracked modes of TEC and the polymerisation and depolymerisation...

The symmetry breaking of the actin network from radial to longitudinal symmetry has been identified as the major mechanism for keratocytes (fish cells) motility on solid substrate. For strong friction coefficient, the two dimensional actin flow which includes the polymerisation at the edge and depolymerisation in the bulk can be modelled as a Darcy flow, the cell shape and dynamics being then m...

A number of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) products are available for clinical use and although all share a similar mechanism of action, they are classified as distinct drugs because of the different depolymerisation processes of the native heparin resulting in substantial pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics differences. While enoxaparin has been extensively investigated, little informati...

Pseudomonas ΦKZ-like bacteriophages encode a group of related tubulin/FtsZ-like proteins believed to be essential for the correct centring of replicated bacteriophage virions within the bacterial host. In this study, we present crystal structures of the tubulin/FtsZ-like protein TubZ from Pseudomonas bacteriophage ΦKZ in both the monomeric and protofilament states, revealing that ΦKZ TubZ under...