Abstract Annual balances of eight alpine glaciers were slightly negative for 1961–90 and highly 1991–2018. We explain this by changes in positive degree-day sums summer temperatures extrapolated to the median altitudes glaciers. test a new way calculating that performs better than traditional method which used daily mean temperatures. are correlated with May–September as suggested 1866 Karl von...

Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica (Newman), was first detected in the United States New Jersey 1916. The beetle gradually spread to Midwest U.S. region, and confirmed Minnesota late 1960’s. has subsequently become a major invasive insect pest turfgrass several agricultural crops. As P. continues throughout U.S., other countries, it is important develop efficient ways monitor adult populations,...

Abstract We provide calibrated degree-day models to predict potential West Nile virus (WNV) transmission periods in Pennsylvania. We begin by following the standard approach of treating the degree-days necessary for the virus to complete the extrinsic incubation period (EIP), and mosquito longevity as constants. This approach failed to adequately explain virus transmission periods based on mosq...

The developmental thresholds for Marmara gulosa Guillén & Davis (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) were investigated in the laboratory by using 17, 21, 25, 29, and 33 degrees C. The lowest mortality occurred in cohorts exposed to 25 and 29 degrees C. Other temperatures caused >10% mortality primarily in egg and first and second instar sap-feeding larvae. Linear regression analysis approximated the l...

Invasions by pest insects pose a significant threat to agriculture worldwide. In the case of Ceratitis capitata incursions on the US mainland, where it is not officially established, repeated detections are followed by quarantines and treatments to eliminate the invading population. However, it is difficult to accurately set quarantine duration because non-detection may not mean the pest is eli...

After adaptation to cyclic illumination (14:10 light-dark cycle; intensity = 1.4 log ftc) male albino rats were exposed to brighter light (2.15 log ftc) seven hours daily for 25 days. The extent of retinal damage was determined histologically. Daily exposure to bright light in the morning produced greater photoreceptor loss than daily afternoon exposure. Severe retinal damage was partially prev...