183 Im ages is large and deep. In these cases, it is usually detected intraoperatively. However, smaller tears are detected during the postoperative period. The exact site and size of the abovementioned laceration is determined by bronchoscopy; this knowledge helps in planning the therapeutic approach. Nonoperative indications are stable vital signs, no difficulty ventilating while intubated or...

PURPOSE The study aimed to assess the combined effects of parecoxib with three different doses of remifentanil and its effect on the stress and cough responses following tracheal extubation under general anesthesia. METHODS A total of 120 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores of I or II, undergoing selective thyroidectomy with total intravenous anesthesia (propofol-...

Introduction: It has been suggested that mild hypothermia during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may attenuate, but not completely suppress, the production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the brain [1]. This study examined the effect of repeated deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) on production of IL-8 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the cerebrovascular bed in patients undergoing pulmonary thromboe...

OBJECTIVE To illustrate a case of an iatrogenic mucosal tear in the trachea which caused a one-way valve effect, obstructing the airway and manifesting as post-extubation stridor. CASE REPORT We report a case of iatrogenic tracheal mucosal tear secondary to violent movement during intubation. The patient presented with post-extubation stridor that worsened over three days. Initial evidence su...

Failed extubation (FE), defined as reintubation 48 or 72 hours after planned extubation, occurs in a significant percentage of patients and is associated with a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality. This commentary reviews the literature describing FE rates and the clinical consequences of FE and proposes an 'optimal' rate of FE as well as avenues for future research.