The paper discusses the use of a generalized version of the equivalent annuity principle, which takes into account interest rate #uctuations over time. When dealing with applications over a sequence of cycles, e.g. plant replacement ones, the equivalent annuity is usually de"ned with reference to each single cycle or to the whole sequence. First, we study the correspondence between net present ...

Small transistors and high clock frequency have resulted in high power density, which makes temperature a strong constraint in today’s microprocessor design. For maximizing performance, the thermal design power must be set according to average, instead of worst case, conditions. Consequently, current processors feature temperature sensors and throttling mechanisms to keep the chip temperature a...

1996 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. Abstract The purpose of this paper is to show that using de-co...

Solid-state aerodynamic devices, which use electroaerodynamics (EAD) to produce a propulsive force, have the potential make drones and airplanes significantly quieter may provide benefits in sustainability manufacturability. In these ions are accelerated between two electrodes by an electric field, colliding with neutral air molecules producing ionic wind thrust force. The authors' previous wor...

BACKGROUND High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing has higher sensitivity but lower specificity than cytology for cervical (pre)-cancerous lesions. Therefore, triage of hrHPV-positive women is needed in cervical cancer screening. METHODS A cohort of 1,100 hrHPV-positive women, from a population-based screening trial (POBASCAM: n = 44,938; 29-61 years), was used to evaluate 10 triage st...