Intestinal mucosal mast cells (IMMCs) are closely apposed to nerves, which is consistent with other evidence suggesting that mast cells are innervated. Recent studies have indicated that coordinated changes in mast cell and nerve densities occur in the gut mucosa, during progressive fibrosis, but there is a lack of experimental evidence to support remodeling of intestinal nerve fibers as part o...

Administration of high doses of fluoride (F) can alter glucose homeostasis and lead to insulin resistance (IR). This study determined the profile of protein expression in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes that were chronically exposed to F. Male Wistar rats (60 days old) were randomly distributed into two groups of 18 animals. In one group, diabetes was induc...

Two culture methods are available for the study of the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). One is an assay for clonogenic precursors; it depends on their ability to form blast colonies in culture in the presence of methylcellulose and suitable growth factors. The other assesses the growth of blast cells in suspension culture, where growth is measured by increasing numbers of clono...

Organized uterine contractions, including those necessary for parturition, are dependent on calcium entry through voltage-gated calcium channels in myometrial smooth muscle cells. Recent evidence suggests that small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium channels (K(Ca)2), specifically isoforms K(Ca)2.2 and 2.3, may control these contractions through negative feedback regulation of Ca(2+) entry...

Hypoxia during embryonic growth in embryos is frequently a powerful determinant of development, but at least in avian embryos the effects appear to show considerable intra- and inter-specific variation. We hypothesized that some of this variation may arise from different protocols that may or may not result in exposure during the embryo's critical window for hypoxic effects. To test this hypoth...

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is the most contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, causing significant economical losses in livestock animals. In this study FMD Virus type A87/IRN was cultured and multiplied on BHK21 cells. The FMD virus was titrated by the Tissue Culture Infection Dose50 method (TCID50 /ml), the virus titration was 10. The FMD virus samples were irradiated and inactivated b...

Various concepts of interaction are reconsidered in light of a su¢ cient-component cause framework. Conditions and statistical tests are derived for the presence of synergism within su¢ cient causes. The conditions derived are su¢ cient but not necessary for the presence of synergism. In the context of monotonic e¤ects, but not in general, the conditions which are derived are closely related bu...