Cyclophosphamide is one of the chemotherapeutics for cancer, however this drug has severe side effects in multiple organs and a well-known mutagenic agent. In work protective activity antioxidant-rich Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) pods leaves extracts against cyclophosphamide induced genotoxicity was studied. Safety these evaluated acute subacute toxicity tests at dose 1500 mg/kg/day albino rats...

Background: Cyclophosphamide is widely prescribed as an anti-cancer drug and used immunosuppressant. Hemorrhagic cystitis one of the common complications cyclophosphamide intake. We hypothesized that endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins could be altered in urothelium treated with cyclophosphamide. Objectives: checked effect on expression various Vero cells. Methods: cells varying doses...

Since most cancers have multiple genetic alterations and molecular abnormalities, it is seldom very useful by using therapeutics of only one anticancer drug owing to refractory and drug resistance of cancer tissues. It has a long time consensus that anticancer drug cocktail instead single drugs might dramatically promote the control of cancer progresses and metastasis in most clinical cancer tr...

background: cyclophosphamide (cyp) is used to treat a wide range of human tumors. however, the mutagenic effect of cyp is still the primary limitation for wider applications to treat a variety of human malignancies. it has been reported that cyp entrapped in liposomes reduces non-specific toxicity and enhances anticancer effects in animal systems. methods: in the present experiment, mice were i...

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in industrialized countries, and as common gynecologic malignant tumors, endometrial cancer is the second most deadly cancer among women in the world. Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracile (termed CMF regimen) as well as anthracyclines and paclitaxel belong to the chemotherapeutical drugs for cancer. However, the development of drug resi...

A series of studies were undertaken to evaluate the chemotherapeutic response to various antineoplastic drugs of human breast (MX-1) or colon (CX-2) tumor xenografts growing in genetically athymic (nude) mice. Fragments (2mm3) of either tumor type were implanted subcutaneously into the subaxillary region of NIH Swiss nude mice, and single drug therapy was started when tumors became palpable and...

Immune checkpoint blockade is a promising anticancer therapy, but must be used in combination with other anticancer therapies to increase its therapeutic efficacy. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a chemotherapeutic drug that shows immune-modulating effects. In this study, we examined the effect of CP on anti-CTL-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) blockade therapy in two mouse tumor models. Drastic tumor re...

The structures of boron-doped fullerene B-C59 (1) as a drug delivery system (DDS), two phosphoramides (2 and 3) which were analogous to the cyclophosphamide anticancer prodrug as well as their covalently bonded structures to B-C59 (4 and 5) were optimized by DFT computations at B3LYP level of theory using 6-31G(d) basis set. Comparing compounds 4 and 5 revealed that the chloro derivative (-1429...

When cyclophosphamide was administered to mice before immunization with syngeneic SV40 transformed cells, the specific immune response elicited, as was measured by in vitro 51Cr release assay was stronger and lasted longer when compared to the response generated in noncyclophosphamide-treated mice. The augmentation effect of the drug was dependent on cyclophosphamide concentration being optimal...