Acknowledgements: The author gratefully acknowledges the support of the European Community given under MAST 2 contract CT92–0015.

The consequences of declaring a civil marriage entered into during the existence customary or vice versa void could have nowhere been fully canvassed. On face it, it merely calls for declaration invalidity existing marriage, but raises various ancillary issues which not addressed. We do discuss judgments marriages void, focus on such judgments. For variety reasons is important to determine whet...

This article critically examines engagements of village leaders in an NGO-facilitated participatory conservation program in eastern Indonesia. It explores how the program's implementation strengthened leadership legitimacy of a dominant customary social group. Customary leaders ensured distribution according to particular norms, and in organizing village governance upheld specific interests and...