We consider the classical optical ow algorithm due to Horn and Schunck for estimating the motion of brightness patterns between image pairs. We use a modi-ed smoothness condition based on the divergence and curl of the velocity eld. In previous work, we have developed well-posed stochastic state-space models for these optical ow methods in two dimensions. This paper extends our results to 3-D. ...

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that recycles damaged or unwanted cellular components, and has been linked to plant immunity. However, how autophagy contributes to plant immunity is unknown. Here we reported that the plant autophagic machinery targets the virulence factor βC1 of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) for degradation through its interaction with the key autopha...

To determine the effect of core muscle strengthening on balance in community-dwelling older adults, 24 healthy men and women between 65 and 85 years old were randomized to either exercise (EX; n = 12) or control (CON; n = 12) groups. The exercise group performed a core strengthening home exercise program thrice weekly for 6 wk. Core muscle (curl-up test), functional reach (FR) and Star Excursio...

Article history: Received 18 June 2013 Accepted after revision 26 November 2013 Available online 20 December 2013 Presented by Philippe G. Ciarlet We present some Poincaré-type inequalities for quadratic matrix fields with applications e.g. in gradient plasticity or fluid dynamics. In particular, applications to the pseudostress– velocity formulation of the stationary Stokes problem and to infi...

We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the relation ‖∇u‖2 = ‖curl u‖2 + ‖div between main operations of field theory (gradient, curl, divergence) on boundary domain. As an application, we consider analog classical Neumann problem in find right-hand side equation weak solution to be generalized solution.

To remain competitive in today’s marketplace, paper based label manufacturers must be able to produce a stable, flat product. This requires controlling the moisture content in all layers of the final product to equilibrium. Coated or laminated paper processes typically require high temperature curing which creates moisture imbalances between the paper substrate and the coating or laminated laye...

This paper presents a new algebraic multigrid-based method for solving the curl-curl formulation of Maxwell’s equations discretized with edge elements. The ultimate goal of this approach is two-fold. The first is to produce a multiple-coarsening multigrid method with two approximately decoupled hierarchies branching off at the initial coarse level, one resolving the divergence-free error and th...