Those who observe the Mesopotamian civilization will find that this has several components, foremost of which stands diversity in many its fields, whether on architectural, artistic or written level, as well richness and abundance entirety data, perhaps a extended roots since man inhabited north Mesopotamia until The Islamic ages are worthy to stand at top hierarchical hierarchy rest other civi...

Many of the surgical techniques currently used in the management of hal!ux valgus result in shortening of the first metatarsal. Although this is usually of little significance, if recurrence of the deformity demands further surgical correction, this may produce unacceptable shortening ; the first metatarsal head may no longer be capable of transmitting weight, which may lead to metatarsalgia or...

BACKGROUND The Ponseti method of manipulation is widely used in the treatment of clubfoot. Monitoring of correction is usually based on clinical judgment, and there is a need for an objective method of evaluation. The small bones of the newborn foot are essentially cartilaginous and can be visualized well on sonography as against radiographs. METHODS A prospective study was conducted on 32 cl...

Lisfranc fracture dislocations are an often misdiagnosed injury pattern, which if left unreduced can lead to signifi cant disability (1-5). The articulation between the bases of the 5 metatarsals, cuneiforms, and cuboid has been termed the Lisfranc joint (6, 7). Lisfranc joint represents a junction between the forefoot and the midfoot. Three functional columns make up the tarsometatarsal area, ...

The cuneiform (CnF) and Kolliker-Fuse (KF) nuclei are implicated in several functions including regulation of cardiovascular system and pain modulation. The KF also is a potential candidate for relaying the CnF cardiovascular responses to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). In a previous study we showed that blockade of the KF strongly attenuated the short responses and moderately attenua...