A simple method for fabricating high-aspect-ratio, hierarchical, and dynamically tunable surface patterns is invented by harnessing localized-ridge instabilities in gold nanofilms coated on elastomer substrates (a); a theoretical model to calculate the critical parameters (e.g., wavelength and amplitude) for designing the new patterns is developed (b); and novel applications of the patterns as ...

The ability of two different strains of Ceratocystis fimbriata for fruity aroma production by solid state fermentation (SSF) was tested on coffee pulp and coffee husk complemented with glucose as substrates. Experiments were carried out in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks and the experimental conditions were: 70% of initial moisture, 20% of glucose addition and pH 6.0. Aeration was made by passive diff...

Mammalian cell culture has served as an invaluable tool in cell biology for several decades. Mono­ layers of adherent cells grown on flat and rigid two-dimensional (2D) substrates, such as polysty­ rene or glass, have evolved as the mainstay in conventional cell culture systems. Two-dimensional cell culture studies have played a pivotal role in furthering our understanding of developmental biol...

Current in vitro cell culture technologies present some limitations as they can't simulate or mimic in vivo situations. Indeed, in vivo cells function in a three-dimensional (3D) structure where they have a close contact with adjacent cells. In this study, human hepatocarcinoma Hep G2 cells were cultured on 3D micropatterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates. Using soft-lithography techniq...

Angiosarcoma is a rare and generally fatal tumor composed of aberrant cells of endothelial origin. Because of its infrequency in humans, very little is known about the growth requirements of this vascular sarcoma. Unlike the rapidly proliferating solid tumors from which they are isolated from, many of the established angiosarcoma cell lines exhibit less than robust growth in culture and often f...

Biodegradation of phenol in the presence of glucose as a supplementary substrate was investigated with mixed microbial consortium isolated from waste effluent of coke-steel factory. Batch experiments were carried out at room temperature and pH value of 7. Initial phenol and glucose concentrations were in the range of 25-1000 mg/l and 500-3000 mg/l, respectively. In a dual substrates system the ...

Two human squamous carcinoma cell lines and human diploid fibroblasts were examined for the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules including fibronectin (FN), laminin (LN), and thrombospondin (TSP) when grown on a number of different substrates. The substrates used included glass, plastic, collagen (gelatin), and DEAE-dextran. Levels of TSP as indicated by enzyme-linked immunosorben...

an important factor in the growth medium of plants and chemical plants. native substrates can be used to improve plant performance. to evaluate the effect of growth medium on the herb f. benjamina experimental design was completely randomized with eight treatments and four replications were carried out in the research greenhouse of islamic azad university of jiroft. f. benjamina  plants from ve...