Culture, an intellectual capital of a city, is accumulated through the intellect and wisdom of the government, citizens, businesses and other organizations. Cities regardless of their size are seeking their own distinguishing features and positions. By combining culture and creativity to improve international visibility, cities can develop new potentials, create job opportunities and boost econ...

It has now been over a decade since the concept of creative in-5 dustries was first put into the public domain by the Blair Labour government's Creative Industries Mapping Documents in Britain. The concept has developed traction globally, but it has also been understood and developed in different ways in Europe, Asia, Aus-tralia, New Zealand, and North America, and also in international 10 bodi...

deployment. The main fault lines have traditionally appeared between the US, where the marketplace and consumer rule, and much of the rest of the world, where notions of the cultural public sphere and citizenship remain relevant (if under siege). But peer-to-peer (P2P) networks and open source software communities may offer an unexpected challenge to these two constructions. The realignment of ...