Inflammation in the kidney and other tissues (lung, and salivary and lacrimal glands) is characteristic of MRL-Fas(lpr) mice with features of lupus. Macrophages (Mphi) are prominent in these tissues. Given that 1) Mphi survival, recruitment, proliferation, and activation during inflammation is dependent on CSF-1, 2) Mphi mediate renal resident cell apoptosis, and 3) CSF-1 is up-regulated in MRL...

To identify factors that affect normalization of laboratory measures after treatment for neurosyphilis, 59 subjects with neurosyphilis underwent repeated lumbar punctures and venipunctures after completion of therapy. The median duration of follow-up was 6.9 months. Stepwise Cox regression models were used to determine the influence of clinical and laboratory features on normalization of cerebr...

New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS) were published in 2001 by McDonald and colleagues. These criteria take account of the clinical features, brain and spinal-cord MRI findings, CSF findings, and visual evoked-potential studies. The McDonald criteria define rigorous MRI requirements but do not define an optimum CSF test for the diagnosis of MS. CSF testing should be optimised, be...

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of nosocomial bacterial ventriculitis in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can be challenging. METHODS We performed a retrospective study on the diagnostic accuracy of clinical and laboratory characteristics for the diagnosis of bacterial ventriculitis in 209 consecutive patients with an aneurysmal SAH admitted in a tertiary referral center from 2008 to 2010...

A cDNA clone (clone 71) that encodes a low-affinity receptor for murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been isolated by direct expression. This molecule is the homologue of the human GM-CSF receptor alpha subunit, although homology between these molecules is surprisingly low (less than 35% amino acid identity). The cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 387 amino acids, wh...

Abstract Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SICH) is the emerging cause of orthostatic headache as it has been better recognized in recent years. SICH happens due to spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak; however, manifestations are predominantly cranial and hence imaging includes brain spine. There few characteristic features be concerned about diagnose patients with vague symptoms or low c...

Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord, thereby involving the arachnoid, the pia and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is divided into viral and bacterial meningitis. For different reasons the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is very important. The examination of CSF samples may provide information about causative microorganism. The sensivity of ...

background meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes, which surround the brain and spinal cord. early treatment of bacterial meningitis can prevent serious complications. in the last two decades, three vaccines have been developed against the three main bacterial species implicated in meningitis of children in western countries and vaccine-preventable invasive bacterial meningitis has decr...

The effects of alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ) and zinc borate (ZB) on the resistance of corn stalk fiber (CSF)-reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites to biodegradation were examined. Both biocides could inhibit termites, mold fungi, and wood-decay fungi, even at high CSF formulations (i.e., 60%). Additionally, ACQ enhanced the resistance of the composite materials to certain b...

Genetic engineering of tumor cells to express both granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-2 can induce synergistic immune antitumor effects. Paradoxically, the combination has also been reported to down-regulate certain immune functions, highlighting the unpredictability of dual cytokine use. We hypothesized that a GM-CSF and IL-2 fusion transgene (GIFT) ...