We studied 'crowding' in the parafovea using orientation identification of a Gabor target as the task, and flanking Gabors on an isoeccentric circle as distractors. Orientation-discrimination thresholds were raised by nearby flanking distractors. This crowding effect was increased by the number of distractors and decreased by the spatial separation between target and distractors. Crowding was g...

PURPOSE To investigate how objects (flankers) placed on either side of a target affect reaching and grasping behavior in visually impaired (VI) subjects due to macular disorders compared with age-matched normals. METHODS Subjects reached out to grasp a cylindrical target placed on its own and when it had two identical objects (flankers) placed either half or one target diameter away on each s...

The levelsof investments in North Macedonia have beenperceived for a long time assub-optimal, with significant capital budget bias, regularly overestimated plans vs. outturn. research problem elaborated is whether the structure of matters. Thus objectiveof article to examine if there complementarity or substitutability between public and private investment, as well role foreign direct this nexu...

Crowding is the impairment of peripheral target perception by nearby flankers. A number of recent studies have shown that crowding shares many features with grouping. Here, we investigate whether effects of crowding and grouping on target perception are related by asking whether they operate over the same spatial scale. A target letter T had two sets of flanking Ts of varying orientations. The ...