may be a phenotypic change essential for carcinogenesis in mouse skin. A single, topical application of croton oil or its active component , 12-O-tetracanoyl-phonbol-1 3-acetate (TPA), me suIts in a rapid and substantial increase in mouse epidermal omnithine decarboxylase activity. At 5 hr after TPA applica tion, this enzyme activity, which is the first and rate-limiting step in polyamine biosy...

Four nutraceuticals, sugar beet roots, cucumber fruits, New Zealand spinach leaves, and turmeric rhizomes, were evaluated for their comparative effectiveness against dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-initiated and croton oil-promoted skin tumors. Three different protocols were used. The most effective protocol (Protocol 2) is the topical application of the nutraceuticals 1 h before croton oil. T...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of essential oil aqueous solutions (hydrolates) obtained by steam distillation of stalks and leaves of Croton argyrophylloides, Croton nepetaefolius, Croton sonderianus and Croton zehntneri against Aedes aegypti larvae. Twenty-five larvae of third instar were placed in plastic beckers, containing the hydrolates (50 mL), in a fo...

Henna (Lawsonia inermis) inhibited inflammatory responses triggered by croton oil in mice ears and skin. Topical application of 0.5 or 1 mg henna extract (HE) to mice ears prior to application of 0.8 mg croton oil inhibited edema significantly (P < 0.02). The average weight of inflammated ear punches decreased by 64 and 87 %. Application of HE (5 or 10 mg) reduced, significantly (P < 0.05), Hyp...

34). Clayson (8) has pointed out that “. . . promoting agents must act by bringing about an increase in the number of precancerous or cancerous cells compared with the number of normal cells. . . .“While this selection for initiated cells may be accomplished in several different ways, a molecular basis for the selection is suggested based on the experiments described here. The process of pr...

&nbsp;To determine the neuropharmacological activity of the leaf extract of Croton zambesicus in mice and chicks.&nbsp;The effect of aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus on thiopental sodium &ndash; induced sleeping time in mice, on gross locomotor activity (GLA) in 2-day old chicks and effect of extract on apomorphine - induced stereotyped behavior in chicks were evaluated.&nbsp;The a...

The lower eyelid skin will retain its pigmentation and wrinkles after a routine lower blepharoplasty. Phenol peeling with croton oil combinations produces a complementary lightening of the skin and an improvement of the wrinkling. Deep peeling with phenol and croton oil has been controversial because of the hypo-pigmentation that generally results. This report explains the technique used by the...

The terpenes, sterols, alkaloid (glaucine) and alpha-tocopherol show seasonal variation for Croton hemiargyreus hemiargyreus and Croton echinocarpus. The amounts of triterpenes are higher during the tropical summer and in most samples the major sesquiterpene was characterized as caryophyllene. The seasonal variation of glaucine showed a maximum between June and October for C. hemiargyreus, and ...

A new flavone, named crotoncaudatin (1), was isolated from the stems of Croton caudatus Geisel. var. tomentosus Hook., together with nine known analogues: 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone (2), tangeretin (3), nobiletin (4), 5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxy-flavone (5), sinensetin (6), kaempferol (7), tiliroside (8), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (9) and rutin (10). The structures of the above compounds wer...

Ten new cembranolides, (-)-(1R*,4R*,10R*)-4-methoxycembra-2E,7E,11Z-trien-20,10-olide (1), (-)-(1S*,4R*,10R*)-1-hydroxy-4-methoxycembra-2E,7E,11Z-trien-20,10-olide (2), (-)-(1S*,4S*,10R*)-1,4-dihydroxycembra-2E,7E,11Z-trien-20,10-olide (3), (-)-(1S*,4S*,10R*)-1,4-dihydroxycembra-2E,7E,11Z-trien-20,10-olide (4), (+)-(10R*)-cembra-1E,3E,7E,11Z,16-pentaen-20,10-olide (5), (+)-(10R*)-cembra-1Z,3Z,7...