Hypotension and arrhythmias occur predominantly in mechanically ventilated patients (2, 3). Events being closely related to periods of hypoventilation or hyperventilation with changes of pCO2 of up to 27 mm Hg. Respiratory complications include changes in respiratory rate, fall in PaO2 (4). In patients with head injury, adverse effects include hypotension, hypoxia and increased intracranial pre...

venous pressure be interchangeable with central venous pressure in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30: 627–632. 3. Charalambous C, Barker TA, Zipitis CS. Comparison of peripheral and central venous pressures in critically ill patients. Anaesth Intensive Care 2003; 31: 34–39. 4. Hoftman N, Braunfeld M, Hoftman G et al. Peripheral venous pressure as a predictor of ce...

In this study, a generalized equation is presented to calculate vapor pressure of pure substances as a function of reduced temperature, critical pressure, and acentric factor. With the presented model, vapor pressures have been calculated and evaluated with NIST data bank for 70 pure substances for about 14000 data points, and the overall average absolute percentage deviation has been only 0.78...

The utilization of the lining type in pressure tunnels is highly dependent on the geological and hydraulic conditions. There are two types of lining, namely concrete and steel lining but steel lining is one of the most expensive arrangements. To decrease the length of steel lining in these tunnels, the concrete lining, which prevents water seepage from the surrounding rock mass, is the appropri...