Estradiol has been shown to interact with the cholinergic system to affect cognition in postmenopausal women. This study further investigated the interaction of estradiol and cholinergic system functioning on verbal memory and attention in two groups of healthy younger (ages 50-62) and older (ages 70-81) postmenopausal women. Twenty-two postmenopausal women were randomly and blindly placed on 1...

Experience-dependent plasticity in the adult brain has clinical potential for functional rehabilitation following central and peripheral nerve injuries. Here, plasticity induced by unilateral infraorbital (IO) nerve resection in 4-week-old rats was mapped using MRI and synaptic mechanisms were elucidated by slice electrophysiology. Functional MRI demonstrates a cortical potentiation compared to...

features). Lee and Schachter (1997) suggested that principles of universal grammer or UG (e.g. binding, subjacency) and parameters have different age-related cut-off points for successful triggering and acquisition (however, compare Coppieters, 1987; Birdsong, 1992). Proposals of this type can be united under the label Multiple CPH. In recent years, efforts have turned to isolating precisely wh...

Neuronal plasticity in the brain is greatly enhanced during critical periods early in life and was long thought to be rather limited thereafter. Studies in primary sensory areas of the neocortex have revealed a substantial degree of plasticity in the mature brain, too. Often, plasticity in the adult neocortex lies dormant but can be reactivated by modifications of sensory input or sensory-motor...

to understand the effects of salinity stress on four different growth stages of sorghum, a greenhouse experiment with 10 treatments, considering all possible combinations of salinity stress and salt- free periods was carried out. the four growth stages for stress application included: emergence until growing point differentiation, growing point differentiation until half bloom, half bloom until...

Project Prakash is an organization that reverses congenital blindness in children and adolescents in rural India with the hypothesis that these children will be able to recover some of their vision even though their visual system did not develop normally. This hypothesis challenges the scientific dogma established by the Nobel-prize winning research of Hubel and Wiesel that the brain cannot ada...

Neural circuits are shaped by experience in early postnatal life. The permanent loss of visual acuity (amblyopia) and anatomical remodeling within primary visual cortex following monocular deprivation is a classic example of critical period development from mouse to man. Recent work in rodents reveals a residual subthreshold potentiation of open eye response throughout life. Resetting excitator...